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HISTORY JO UNIT (HOW (HOW JO MADE POEPLE CHALLENGE ASSUMPTIONS …
HISTORY JO UNIT
WHAT
WAS LIFE LIKE UNDER JO
GOVERNMENT CONTROL
use of
hard power
soft power
:frowning_face:
hard power
:frowning_face:
used to instil sense of fear amongst people
directly enforces Jap authority
eg. kempeitai
kempeitai
Japanese soldiers
created a climate of fear & uncertainty
= force people to listen to them lest they be punished
manifestation of hard power
= directly enforces authority over ppl
instil uncertainty
= random arbitrary acts of violence and brutality
:frowning_face:
soft power
:frowning_face:
propaganda
posters
media
education etc
incentivised by the motive of getting ppl to accept jap authority
more effective in ht kelong run (as compared to hard power)
education
influenced impressionable younger generation
normalised nap way of life by integrating it into education system/ syllabus
= jap national anthem
= learn nap language
= asian values (gardening)
more receptive if filtered through children in households
media & proaganda
used posters and films etc
= eg asia for asians > bring down white man superiority
purpose to bring across a pro-regime message / influence people
mass spread > higher penetration
more effective due to packaging of content
motive
assertion of power
normalise nap way of life
culture assimilation
jap flag
jap holidays
jap language
jap rituals
DISCRIMINATION - OPPRESSION
discrimination against chinese and british
targetted malays & indians
why indians and malays
easier to win over
both wanted liberation from british
= independence movement in india
= anti-British movement in Msia
enemy of my enemy is my friend
why not chinese and british
chinese were they enemies
= china war
british also their enemies
= part of white man superiority
discrimination & oppression against chinese
SOOK CHING
gathered young chinese men
random selection process
no standard criteria
decide who was anti-jap/ form chinese secret societies
had mass shootings for these suspects
why was it effective in maintaining order?
took men away to kill
families unsure if dead or alive
lead them to think that if they obeyed there was hope of having them back
FOOD SITUATION
VERY bad
had to use ration cards
govt didn't rlly care
situation
many people got beri beri
= diseases when lack of adequate nutrition in food
= diet consisted of ALOT of tapioca
lead to black market
unfair system
= people with higher advantage hoard food and sell at higher prices
many had to trade valuables for food because the banana notes were worthless (hyper inflation)
inequality in food rationing by the gap
jap govt didn't shut it down bc they
= knew it was the local's only way of obtaining food
= would have to come up w a whole new governing structure if they were to shut it down
ECONOMY
british failed as a govt as They were unable to sustain so's economy. lets take a closer look into this situation!
banana notes
british used banana notes as local currency in SG
basically printed on paper w a banana tree
hyper inflation
whenever biritish needed more money, they printed more notes
value of notes decreased
purchasing power decreased
people became poorer and poorer
WHY
NEED
:check:
NECESSARY TO:
:check:
• obtain resources
• sell goods easily without competition
• being in control would ensue everyone bought their goods
• boost economy
MARKET FOR MANUFACTURING GOODS & RESOURCES (economic reason)
• earn more money
• keep economy strong
• needed to expand market
NEEDED OIL (strategic reason)
• USA cut off 80% of their oil supply (because they were in war w china)
• Japa had no natural resources
• SEA had oil
WANT
:green_cross:
MLITARY ADVENTURISM
:green_cross:
• tempting
• desire to expand in a aggressive/ malicious way
THEY WERE GREEDY!!!
HOW
HOW JAPANESE INVADED MALAYA
• war in land, sea and air
• sinking of prince of wales and repulse
• taking down of 'impregnable fortress'
• show iconic strength of JAP
:black_flag:WHY????? :black_flag:
british underestimated JAP
unprepared for war
B didn't think J could fight thru jungles, only sea
but J had tanks could come in
J came on bikes (faster)
J fighters more advanced
HOW CHINA'S FALL HAPPENED
• shows japan's expansion intent = threat
• loss of oil (british cut off supply) = Jap's
• reason why chinese treated to harshly in SG
:forbidden:
??? background info
:forbidden:
after WW1, all countries signed contract of appeasement bc wars were expensive and costly. But Japs broke it!!?!?!?!
HOW JO MADE POEPLE CHALLENGE ASSUMPTIONS
assumptions:
= white man superiority
= 'impregnable fortress'
:warning:
white man superiority:
:warning:
*
failed their responsibility as a govt*
british allowed SG to fall into hands of the JAP•
• significant because:
**
= they had total control over SG's external defence
= sole responsibility
did not allow locals to take charge
made a big deal about it
= underestimation of JAP
did not take em seriously
unprepared for war
:warning:
"impregnable fortress"
:warning:
british called SG IF to give confidence and reassurance
sent prince of wales to fight but taken down within matter of days
= heightens disparity of trust for british
ships that british let roam around sank
= significant bc led sg to lost trust in B
HOW JAP/BRITISH FAILED AS A GOVT
foreign govts always focus efforts on their own countries
made decisions based on self interest
japanese
1.) mismanagement of society (economy > hyperinflation)
2.) brutal, cruel and oppressive
3.) unequal treatment of diff races + actively promoted
british
failed their duty (white man superiority )
HOW JO LEAD TO POLITICAL AWAKENING
realisation that foreign have no incentives to manage SG well
'political consciousness' no longer just a theory
= physically manifested in JO
= first hand experience
understood necessity of self-governance
lack of political consciousness previously
reasons
1.) no incentive
citizens not patriotic
no identity
2.) lack of understanding
mostly uneducated
even if educated, educated in a certain manner (propaganda)
lacked critical masses
HISTORICAL KNOWLEDGE
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