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Icthyology Exam #2 (Cyprinidae family (Native North American species have…
Icthyology Exam #2
Cyprinidae family
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Stout pharyngeal teeth, no teeth no jaws
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Respiration Metabolism
Gill Ventilation
1) Counter Current flow: Pump water; buccal chamber pressure> opercular, coughs clear foreign matter or mucus
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Bohr effect: decreased affinity of hemoglobin for O2 when pH lowered promotes O2 uptake at gills and release at tissues
Root effect: decreased capacity of hemoglobin for O2 when pH lowered promotes O2 uptake at gills and release at tissues
Soft Anatomy
Muscle types
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White muscle
short burst swimming, limited vascularization; no myoglobin
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Floating in the water: Neutral buoyancy minimizes energy cost so fish can stay at a depth to feed/hide/migrate
2) Lift while swimming; angled fins and body surface: Sharks- heterocercal tail, positive angles of attack (Leading edges of pectoral fins , head surface)
3) Reduction of heavy tissues (bone/muscle): Deep sea fishes (>1000m reduced skeletal and muscular tissues), Cartilaginous skeleton (sp. gr. 1.1) versus bony skeleton (sp. gr. 2) But hard to adjust when conditions change ; pressure, temperature , salinity
1) Low density compounds
Sharks- Lipids (specific gravity 0.90-0.92) and hydrocarbon squalene (sp. gr. 0.86) in liver provide neutral buoyancy in seawater (sp. gr. 1.026)
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Oil in bones (sable fish, pelagic medusa, shallow water rock fish)
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Silver Carp
invasive to North America and its diet promotes an increase of toxic blue green species in parts of Illinois and Michigan