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Social Science Perspectives (Sociology (Feminism (Liberal Feminism:…

- - - - North America values love and close friendship. This is reinforced through media and national celebrations - Happy Valentine’s!
    - - Claude Levi-Strauss
        
        Some of his main ideas aimed to prove that he believed that "culture is a system with underlying structures that are common to all societies regardless of their differences."
        
        Found patterns in structures that showed behaviour and thought are universal in most societies. Furthering this, he believed that all of mankind have the same intellectual potential.
      - Mary Douglas
        
        Believed that society creates forms through it's institutions and that these forms, as organized or disorganized as they may be, help us to determine the "thought styles" of other.
  - - - Carlo Ember
        
        Human existence is a response to the problems that exist within our society.
      - Stephen Sanderson
        
        His theory focuses on furthering the idea of cultural materialism into evolutionary materialism. This advancement would include an increasingly in-depth analysis of origin, maintenance, and evolution of the human race. The evolution portion is more specifically aimed towards social evolution.
      - Marvin Harris
        
        First to introduce the theory of Cultural Materialism
  - - - Physical needs: breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, exercise
      - Psychological needs: mortality, security, friendship, family, self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect
    - - Example: The Japanese often bow when greeting each other.
    - - Margaret Mead
        
        Her theories "emphasized the relationship between culture and personality formation."
      - Bronislaw Malinowski
        
        Reinforced the importance of field work
        
        Known for being one of the founders of the school of thought, Functionalism
      - Ruth Benedict
        
        Her beliefs involve the "power of custom and learning as an argument against nature and for the infinite capacity of human beings to change."
- - - - Example: In the first stage, the infant either trusts his caregivers and others or he does not. Failing to gain this trust could impact the person’s trusting relationships later on in life.
  - - - The ID seeks pleasure without considering consequences
      - The Superego desires to be socially conscious of all decisions and actions
      - The Ego exists as a mediator between the ID and Superego
  - - - Other form of conditioning is Classical. This conditioning states that learning occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired. It is a first response that is brought upon by a secondary one and eventually elicited by the first one alone.