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River Enviroments (River Processes (Erosion (Hydraulic action (Water hits…

- - - - Water hits the river bed and banks with force which means the material is dislodged and carried away.
    - - Minerals in the rocks forming the sides of the river channel are dissolved by the water flowing past them
    - - Material being carried by a river is rubbed against the sides of channel, widening and deepening the channel
    - - Wearing away at the river bed and banks by the load (particles of rock carried by the river) hitting against them.
  - - - Lighter material carried along by river flow
    - - Material dissolved in the water
    - - Large parts of material transported along the river bed
    - - When small pieces of material are transported along the river bed
- - - - The water flows quickly downhill, eroding the water vertically. The river then deepens and widens its valley (using processes such as hydraulic action, corrasion and corrosion).
    - - The river erodes the landscape in the upper course, it winds and bends to avoid areas of hard rock
    - - Forms when a river runs over alternating layers of hard and soft rock
    - - The river flows over bands of softer and harder rocks, and the softer rock is eroded quicker. Because of this the river undercuts the harder rock leaving an overhang. The river then quickly forms a plunge pool below the waterfall. Overhang rock is left unsupported which causes the river to move upstream. The process continues and a gorge is cut into the hillside.
  - - - Forms as the river erodes laterally, to the right side then the left side.
    - - Upstream a large bend becomes a horseshoe and is eventually cut-off to become an oxbow lake. Downstream the river is eroding its outer bank and depositing on its inner bank to create a new meander
  - - - The area around the river that is covered in times of flood