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Proteins (Functions of proteins (Rhodopsin: a pigment that absorbs light,…
Proteins
Functions of proteins
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Collagen: a structural protein that gives tensile strength to ligaments and prevents bones from fracturing
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spider silk: polypeptides extend when stretched and are tear resistant which allow spider webs to be formed.
Insulin: Hormone- signals many cells to absorb glucose and help reduce the concentration of it in blood
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Protein Synthesis
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mRNA is a message from the nucleus to the ribosome - instructions for how to form a polypeptide => it exits from pores in the nucleus (transcription)
the genes code is the sequence of bases on mRNA - this tells the ribosome which amino acids to use to form a protein (translation)
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Ribosomes are the molecules within cells that facilitate the formation of peptide bonds and hence where polypeptides are synthesised
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Amino acid diversity
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also amino acids can be linked together in any sequence giving a huge range of possible polypeptides
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Proteins and proteomes
proteome: the set of all proteins that can be produced in a cell, tissue, or organism
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