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How We Think (Logically) (Possible Solution Strategies (Trial & Error:…
How We Think (Logically)
Schema:
concept
Assimilation:
blend together
Accommodation:
modify or change
Prototype:
best example of schema
Possible Solution Strategies
Trial & Error:
good only if there are a few choices
Information Retrieval:
remembering how someone else previously solved problem
Algorithms:
step-by-step method that guarantees a solution (usu. slow)
Heuristics:
mental shortcuts (assumptions)
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Positive Heuristics
Hill Climbing:
progressively move closer to goal
Subgoals:
general big problems broken up
Working Backwards:
start at end goal
Means-End Analysis:
reduce discretion between current situation and the desired goal
Obstacles to Solving Problems
Motivation:
can't solve what you don't attempt
Functional Fixedness:
stuck in narrow-minded thinking
Representative Heuristic:
person determine likelihood of an event based on past experiences and situations
Availability Heuristics:
uses past experiences and memories to make assumptions on things
Overconfidence:
overestimating one's own judgement
Confirmation Bias:
only seek info that supports beliefs
Belief Bias:
preexisting thoughts distort logical reasoning
Belief Perseverance:
cling to beliefs even when evidence proves otherwise
Hindsight Bias:
think we knew something from the very beginning