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Chapter 2- Approaches to problem-solving methodology: Data analysis (FACTS…
Chapter 2- Approaches to problem-solving methodology: Data analysis
Approaches to problem solving
When an information problem exists, a structured problem-solving methodology needs to be followed to ensure that the most appropriate solution is found and implemented
The four stages of problem solving
Analysis
Design
Development
Evaluation
Purpose of graphic solutions
Pictorial diagrams that show interdependencies between
variables
. They are one of the most commonly used methods of representing data and information, and can make reading data and information more interesting, less time-consuming and more understandable.
Types of graphic solutions
Charts
Flowcharts
Diagrams
Images
Infographics
Types of tests
Validation versus testing
Completeness testing
Reliability testing
Presentation testing
Functionality testing
Relevance testing
Analysing the problem
In any problem-solving task, you should follow the PSM and analyse the problem. Once you have defined the problem, the remainder of the analysis stage can begin.
FACTS
It is important to test what you are trying to produce meets the specified need and fulfills the specified purpose.
When testing a solution, the following areas can be tested for appropriateness: functionality, presentation, usability, accessibility and appropriateness of communication.
A user should be able to efficiently and easily attain meaning and relevant information from an onscreen graphic representation.
Spreadsheet functions enable the user to format data, calculate simple and complex mathematical calculations, and produce different charts and graphs
There are a set of formats and convetions to use when producing a graphic solution, incluing apppropriate labelling to ensure that the information communicated is clear and concise
Designing solutions
Once the analysis stage is complete and a general idea of the solution is in mind, it time for the design stage. Designing a solution often occurs without using a computer at all- the solution may just be drafted on paper.
Design principles for graphic solutions
Guidelines to help you enhance the appearance and functionality of solutions. Graphic solutions that are displayed onscreen need to be easily understood and accessed with minimal time and effort.
Functions of a spreadsheet
Can be used for many purposes that involve calculations. e.g. spreadsheets can be used for account keeping or stock control, to present budget information as part of a project, or to store and manipulate data from surveys or results of an investigation.
Spreadsheet functions
Perform basic arithmetic operations (+,-,/,*)
Insert labels (headings and subheadings)
Format a plot area and gridlines
Insert headers and footers (filename, page and date)