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Chapter 2 Approaches to problem-solving methodology: Data analysis.…
Chapter 2 Approaches to problem-solving methodology: Data analysis.
Purpose of graphic solutions
Types of graphic solutions
Charts
Detailed data in visual form. Include column and bar graphs, pie graphs and line graphs.
Flowcharts
Graphically represent steps of a process.
Diagrams
Presents data in a clear way using conventions. Include blueprints and schematics.
Images
Illustrations and photos.
Animations
Moving images sometimes includes sounds or interactivity.
Hierarchies
Shows the relationships between roles in an organisation.
Maps
An area.
Timelines
Events in chronological order.
Infographics
Graphs, pictures diagrams, narrative and timelines.
Pictoral (illustrated) diagrams that show interdependencies(dependence of two or more things on each other) between variables.
Design principles for graphic solutions
Functionality
Useablilty
Data should be easy to use, flexible and robust.
Accesibility
Access the meaning and relevant information easily.
Appearance
Alignment
The arrangement of text, images and objects.
Repetition
The use of similar or the same visual elements multiple times.
Contrast
Difference in colour or tone.
Space
Areas around and between objects such as text and images.
Balance
Should be balanced and create visual appeal.
Formats and conventions
Titles
Is the dominant element.
Text styles
Different fonts can be used and are used for specific parts of a graph.
It is important to follow formats and conventions as they make the graph look better.
Shapes
Different shapes can be used and can create patterns or contrast.
Lines and arrows
Bold lines create emphasis while fine lines are minimalist.
Sources of data and legend
Identify the source of your data.
Colours and contrasts
Should be used to make information clear and attractive.
Design tools
Represent the functionality and appearance of graphic solutions.
IPO chart
Input processing and output chart.
Annotated diagrams and mock ups.
Depiction of how a graphic solution should look.
Types of tests
Validation vs resting, completeness testing, reliability testing, presentation testing, functionality testing, relevance testing.
Validation
All data must be validated to make sure the solution is accurate and reasonable.
Processing data to create solutions
Development stage of the psm. Use the appropriate software to create solution. Data becomes information.
Approaches to problem solving
Use the problem solving methodology to find the best solution.
The four stages of problem solving
Analysis, design, development and evaluation
Functions of a spreadsheet
Basic arithmetic, statistical and other functions.
Analysing the problem
Designing solutions