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Chapter 2 - Approaches to Problem Solving Methodology: Data Analysis…
Chapter 2 - Approaches to Problem Solving Methodology: Data Analysis
Approaches to problem solving
The four stages of problem solving
Design
Decide what has to be done to achieve solution
Development
Build solution
Off-the-shelf hardware/software
Custom-made hardware/software
Evaluation
Determine whether solution solved original problem
Check requirements of user to see if they have been met
Analysis
Understand all aspects of problem
State what is required of solution
Functions of a spreadsheet
Analysing the problem
Designing solutions
Hypothesis
Identify type of data that will be collected
Identify data collection tool that will be used
How data will be gathered
Create participation information statement & consent forms
Identify risks to privacy & security & have strategies in place to minimise them
Collecting data
Data capture
Data analysis
Purpose of graphic solutions
Types of graphic solutions
Charts
2D columns
Clustered column
Stacked column
100% stacked column
Doughnut
Doughnut
Exploded doughnut
Rules of charts
Must have titles
The x-axis and y-axis must be labelled
If more than one set of data is provided on same graph, use a key
Include unit of measurement on relevant axis
Label each segment of a pie chart
Arrange segments of pie chart from largest to smallest
Choose colours that match information being discussed
Limit the number of items represented in a chart to 5 or 6
Flowcharts
Diagrams
Images
Hierarchies
Animations
Maps
Timelines
Infographics
Design principles for graphic solutions
Functionality
Useability
Can user understand graphic form and information it conveys?
Can user quickly identify purpose of graphic form and interpret critical data?
Is graphic form accurate and true reflection of data that has been analysed?
Have you chosen sensible dimensions?
Have you chosen easily readable font sizes?
Accessibility
Appearance
Alignment
Repetition
Contrast
Space
Balance
Formats and conventions
Titles
Sets element apart from other elements on the graphic solution, making it a dominant element
Text styles
Essentially talking about fonts. Includes both its typeface (e.g. Times New Roman, Calibri, etc.) and its attributes (e.g. 20pt, bold, red).
Shapes
Help create patterns, contrast, hierarchies and backgrounds.
Also usable as containers for sections of text.
Lines and arrows
Variations of line (solid, dashed, dotted, broken, double, thick, thin, curved, freeform)
Work well as borders or containers for sections of text and/or images.
Sources of data and legend
Colours and contrasts
Makes information clear, readable and attractive.
Emphasise important features.
Colour scheme should be used to ensure consistency.
Design tools
Input-Process-Output (IPO) charts
Used to clearly identify solution's input and output, and processing steps required to transform data into information.
Also known as a 'defining diagram'.
Annotated diagrams or mock-ups
Provide a visual depiction of how graphic solutions should look.
Designs indicate features (e.g. differences in font size, colour and positioning of objects).
Types of tests
Validation versus testing
Completeness testing
Does graphic representation provide information required?
Is graphic representation clearly and accurately labelled?
Will intended users easily find what they need?
Reliability testing
Presentation testing
Functionality testing
Relevance testing
Communication of message