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Problem 1 (vision (defects (glaucoma (intense eye pressure, problems…

- - - - triggers action potentials
  - - - intense eye pressure
      - problems transmitting impulses from retina to brain
      - leads to pain, and possibly blindness
    - - diabetic retinopathy
        
        capillaries swell, reduction of retinal blood supply
    - - cornea loses spherical shape
      - blurry images
    - - degeneration of retina, tunnel vision
- - - - iris
        
        gives eye a specific color
        
        pupil is located in center of iris
        
        light entering control
        
        pupil is smaller in light environment
        
        'black hole'
        
        controls amount of light reaching eye
        
        inner layer contains blood vessels
      - Anterior chamber
        
        ciliary body
        
        long slender structure
        
        aqueous humor
        
        watery fluid
        
        aids cornea and lens
        
        maintaining shape of eyeball
      - choroid
        
        provides blood supply
        
        connective tissue
        
        prevents light scatter
    - - where images are projected
      - region which includes fovea
        
        macula
      - contains photoreceptors
        
        cones
        
        suitable for daylight vision
        
        higher treshold for light stimulation
        
        shorter
        
        photopic
        
        rods
        
        lower treshold for light stimulation
        
        suitable for night vision
        
        longer
        
        scotopic
        
        visual pigment
        
        rods = rhodopsin
        
        retinal molecules and opsin
        
        cones = iodopsin photopsin
      - bipolar cells
        
        transmit signals from photoreceptors to ganglion cells
        
        graded potentials
      - fovea
        
        most cones are distributed here
        
        center of macula
        
        image falls on fovea
      - peripheral retina
        
        contains both rods and cones (more rods)
      - ganglion cells
        
        inner surface of retina
        
        receive input from photoreceptors
        
        send info via synapses to brian
      - blindspot = no photoreceptors in that spot
    - - sclera
        
        keeps structure + protection of eye
        
        elastic membrane
        
        white coating
      - cornea
        
        70-80% of focusing power
        
        transparent bulge of a spherical shape
        
        light goes through here to the retina
        
        role in formation of images
        
        cornea too long --> nearsightedness
        
        cornea too short --> farsightedness
  - - - accomodation
    - - accomodation + flow of aqueous humor