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Chapter 5: Non-parental care (Significant factors in quality care- Size…

- - - - Accreditation:
        Child-care centers-
        1.voluntery system set up by Nat Academy Early Childhood Educ
        
        Self eval parents and caregivers
        
        visits by NAEYC to check standards met
        Family Day-care centers-
        
        Voluntary acc setup by Nat Assoc Family Child Care
        
        Self-eval and external validation
        In-home care-
        
        INA worked to professionalize industry
        
        Childcare Influences:
        1. Political Ideology-value of social resp, competition and equal opp.
        2. Economics-need both parents work.
        3. Science and Tech-pressure teach skills to children early as possible.
        
        Macrosystem Influences-childcare used during 20th century for:
        
        SOCIAL SERVICE-first day nurseries or immigrants, Day nurseries woman work ww11. Care for neglected children, mostly custodial.
        
        ENRICHMENT-Univ of Chicago 1915 first cooperative nursery school so children learn impulse control, verbal skills and knowledge of world.Parents participation req. 1960 (keep up with Russia and world) school programs for intellectual growth.
        
        PARENT EMPLOYABILITY- used to enable woman to work. Welfare reform helps with childcare.
        
        INTERVENTION- Head Start. Helps low-inc, cultural minorities, disabilities, abused children.
        
        READINESS- most important years age 0-5 Scientific research of neural connections in brain used as evidence to start government programs such as; Head Start, No Child Left Behind and Good Start, Grow Smart..
        
        Spitz's study-Foundling home (caregiver cares for 8 children) vs prison mothers. One-on-one best care. "Nature" care.
        Bowlby's study-Maternal love most important. Any break from mother-child can have severe emotional, social, and intellectual conseq..
        Skeel's study-25 mentally retarded infants. 13 cared for by mentally retarded woman. After 2yrs their IQ up 28pts, others down 26pts.
        Contemporary Studies- Secure attachment: strange situation/not feeling well then no one else will do. They want to be near person att to. Insecure attachment: clings when person leaves, cries until returns, ignore, avoid upon return, cling one moment avoid next.
        Belsky-infants less 1yr more than 20hrs a week in daycare risk dev insecure att and emotional/behavior problems. Others disagree.
        Conclusion is mother's sensitivity is less cuz doesn't know babies cue's.
        
        Psychological functioning of children in daycare confounded by many issues: child's temperament, gender, family socioeconomic status, marital status, parent-child rel, hours daily in care, quality of care inc. sensitivity and responsiveness of caregiver.
        
        children some form of childcare program interact more with peers, positively and often negatively, less cooperative and responsive with adults, more socially competent, self confident, outgoing, less fearful, more assertive, self-sufficient, social world, less polite, less respectful of other's rights, less compliant adult demands, more aggressive and hostile.
        
        Curriculum:the goals and objections of an educational program, the teacher's role the equipment and materials, the space arrangement, the kinds of activities, and the way they are scheduled.
        Teacher-directed-curriculum in which the learning act are planned by teacher for children.
        Leaner-directed-curriculum which the learning act emerge from ind interests and teacher guidance.
        
        The COGNITIVELY ORIENTED CURRICULUM(Learner-directed) is a curriculum that attempts to blend the virtues of purposeful teaching with open-ended, child-initiated activities.
        Assimilation-a Piagetian term for mental adaptation to one's environment by incorporating experiences.
        Accommodation-a Piagetian term for mental adaptation to one's environment by reconciling differences of experiences.
        Equilibrium-a Piatetian term for the state of balance between ass and acc, thereby allowing knowledge to be incorporated.
        Sensorimotor-the first stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive dev (1 1/2-2yrs), in which the child uses senses and motor abilities to interact with the environment and understands only the here and now.
        Preoperational-the second stage in P theory of cognitive dev (2-7yrs), in which children use symbols to represent objects, make judgments based on appearances, and believe that everyone share their viewpoint.
        Concrete Operations-the third stage in P theory of cog dev (7-11yrs), in which the child can apply logical, systematic principles to specific experiences, but cannot distinguish between assumptions or hypotheses and facts or reality.
        Formal Operations-the fourth stage in P theory of cog dev (11 and up), in which the child can think logically about abstract ideas and hypotheses as well as concrete facts.
        
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