Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Brain Culture Co-construction (Body & Environment (Lieberman) - Co…
Brain Culture Co-construction
Brain & Body (Chiel & Cotman)
Chiel: Interactions between NS, Body and Environment (both evolution and development)
The NS as a Filtering System for motor neuronal output, which are transformed by the properties of the body (there may be a lot of noise (irrelevant inputs) and the NS filters the relevant things to process)
Co-Evolution & Co-Development: as coordinated changes in the periphery and NS as a function of either evolutionary or development time
These changes eitehr create constraits or opportunities for the body
Feedback System
Adaptive behaviour continuously receives and responds to feedback from both the movements that it induces in its own periphery and from the environment
Opportunities & Constraints
The NS cannot process info that is not transduced by the body and the NS cannot command movements that the body cannot physical carry out
Example seen in Lieberman article - the ability to walk and leave the trees gave the opportunity to search for more food sources available on the ground (vs. trees)
Figure 1E: The broad view of adaptive behaviour - the NS is embedded in the body, which is embedded within the environment
It has bi-directional arrows: body acts on environment
and environment acts on body
It's a feedback system: The NS has evolved to be sensitive to the nature or idiosyncrasy of sensory inputs
Sensory and Motor cortical maps are plastic - subject
to change
Cotman: Key Roles of Growth Factor Cascades and Inflammation (brain and body, co-development)
Effects of Exercise
Enhances learning and plasticity
It is neuroprotective
It is therapeutic and protective against depression
(Hippocampal) Neurogenesis, enhanced CNS metabolism, angiogenesis
The Role of GFs and Neurotrophins
After exercise, the production of GF genes and proteins increases and remains high for weeks
GFs facilitate LTP and have an anti-depressant like effect (mechanism unclear)
Exercise increase GF levels in the periphery and cross the blood brain barrier to enter the brain (CNS)
It fights inflammation - being a systemic mechanism to reduce peripheral risk factors (metabolic syndrome) i.e. cognitive decline and diabetes
Co-Evolution (CNS and Periphery, implicit mention of env) - Raichlan
The Evolutionary Model of APA
Selection for APA improved baseline APA
increased baseline GF and neurotrophin signalling
Improved tissue vascular system repair/growth; improved metabolism
higher level of APA
increased neurotrophin and GF signalling during development
Larger Brain size
Co-Development - Cotman
Body & Environment (Lieberman) - Co-Evolution
The Body: Our body is adapted to Running as a result of changes in our environment
Structural changes: bipedalism, longer hind limbs
Physiological changes: heat dumping mechanisms, fur loss
The Environment
Climate change: more open wood lands
Other predators
Different food sources: carcasses and later on animals
Connection to Chiel: leaving the trees created opportunities in terms of food sources
Connection to Liedenberg: endurance hunting was the best method of hunting as we adaptations such as heat dumping mechanisms and endurance running that allows us to run other animals to exhaustion
Connection to Raichlan: APA reinforces itself (selection pressures for APA we have developed a better metabolism and vascular system) - this connects to the idea that the body and the environment select for bidpedalism
Co-Development and CO-Evolution (Chiel)
Liedenberg (Evolution) - Brain, Body, Environment
Speculative Tracking (ability to think beyond the here and now - better spatio-temperol abilities).
Seasons/Lunar Cycles: adjusting animal selection and strategy based on seasons to maximize success
Perspective taking - trying to put your mind into that of the animal you are tracking ("taking over their mind")