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CS4471: Ch1 - Internetworking (Exam Essentials (Identify the possible…
CS4471: Ch1 - Internetworking
Exam Essentials
Identify the possible causes of LAN traffic congestion.
Too many hosts in a broadcast domain
Broadcast storms
Multicasting
Low bandwidth
Adding hubs for connectivity to the network
Collision Domain vs Broadcast Domain
Collision Domain
= a network collection of devices in which one particular device sends a packet on that same segment to pay attention to it.
Broadcast domain
= a set of all devices on a network hears all broadcasts sent on all segments.
MAC Address vs IP Address
MAC address
= hexadecimal # ID'ing physical connection of a host. Operates on layer 2 of OSI model.
IP address
= binary or decimal logical ID's. Operates on layer 3 of OSI model.
Hosts on same physical segment locate one another with MAC addresses. IP addresses are used when hosts reside on different LAN segments or subnets.
Hub vs Bridge vs Switch vs Router
Hub
: creates one collision domain and one broadcast domain.
Bridge
: breaks up collision domains but creates one large broadcast domain
Use hardware addresses to filter the network.
Switch
: multiple-port bridges with more intelligence. Break up collision domains but create one large broadcast domain. Use hardware addresses to filter the network.
Router
: break up broadcast domains (and collision domains) and use logical addressing to filter the network.
Advantages of Routers:
1) They don't forward broadcasts by default.
2) They can filter the network based on layer 3 (Network layer) info such as IP address.
Routers perform packet switching, filtering, and path selection. They facilitate internetwork communication. They reduce broadcast traffic.
Connection-oriented
vs
Connectionless network services
Connection-oriented services
use acknowledgements and flow control to create a reliable session. More overhead that connection-less.
Connectionless services
are used to send data with no acknowledgements or flow control. This is unreliable.
Define the 7 OSI Layers
What function each layer provides.
How devices and networking protocols an be mapped to each layer.
Application
Presentation
Session
.
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Lab 1.1 - OSI Questions
Which layer chooses/determines the availability of communicating partners along w/ the resources necessary to make the connection, coordinates partnering applications, and forms a consensus on procedures for controlling data integrity and error recover?
Application layer
is responsible for finding the network resources broadcast from a server and adding flor and error control.
Which layer is responsible for converting data packets from the Data Link layer into electrical signals?
Physical layer
takes frames from the data Link layer and encodes the 1's and 0's