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DEV 3: DEVELOPMENT OF ToM (False Belief in Adults (Apperly et al (2006)…
DEV 3: DEVELOPMENT OF ToM
False Belief in Adults
Keysar et al (2003)
Mitchell et al (1996)
most disbelieve message
Apperly et al (2006)
patient PH shows language and grammatical impairment
PH's impairment extends to grammatical constructions most closely related to ToM in studies of kids
performed perfectly on first-order FB tasks and on novel nonverbal second-order FB task.
overall grammar isn't necessary source of structure for explicit ToM reasoning in adults
relationship observed between grammar and ToM in studies of kids is results of developmental process
Mental States in Facial Expressions
Problems
failure to satisfy the truth condition
inappropriate stimuli; posed, static, not caused by anything
Reactions Give Clues to What has Happened?
Natural Reactions of Targets
Pillai et al (2012)
devise which involved observing subtle and naturalistic reactions of ppl to determine event that had previously taken place
could deduce from small sample of behaviour which scenario had previously occurred
looking at eye region linked to poorer identification of scenarios and eye movement strategy varied depending on event experienced by person in video.
overall people flexibly deploy attention using reproductive mind reading process to infer events
Pallai et al (2014)
Facial Expressions of Autistics
Faso et al (2015)
autistics just as expressive as others, but quality and form of expression might be diff
participants pose facial expressions
Overall
don't always calculate what others are thinking - must do it deliberately
practical ToM largely concerned with interpreting other peoples reactions as embodiments of mind