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HIST 2300 February 6th, 2017 (Chesapeake Demographics (Realities of…
HIST 2300 February 6th, 2017
Spain's New world Colonies
Social structure:
intermarriage
encouraged in Roman Catholic colonies (Spain, France)
Moral reasons - keep soldiers from "sin"
Native Conversion to Christianity
Convert mothers and children into devout Christians
Strategic reasons - "breed" loyalty through
Mestizo
children
Children attached to:
New world through mothers
Home country's rule through fathers
Demographics of Spanish new world
Few settlers from home country
Discharged soldiers and their native families
Royal officials (higher social class)
Some stay on large land grants
many go home to retire
Race structure develops differently in Catholic colonies
Because of intermarriage as a policy
"The Black Legend"
Persists to this day in textbooks, popular memory
Actual fact: slavery is slavery is slavery..
Struggle for dominance
Bartolome de las casas:
"a brief history of the destruction of the indies"
A priest complains to the Spanish government: treatment of Indians is far from "Christian"
Published in Europe
Some changes in laws for colonies
England uses this: to "prove" Spanish (catholic) colonization is more brutal than English(protestant).
1675-80 the pueblo revolt, Santa Fe, New Mexico
Missions are encomiendas (20k in Ariz/NM)
Priests, soldiers and some settlers/ familiy, indians
1675: drought, starvation, Navajo/Apache raids
Failure of Spanish to protect Pueblos
Retreat to "old ways" in religion --> 3 hanged, 43 publicly whipped
Revolt by 1680, Spanish chased down Rio Grande
23 Franciscans, 400 civilians killed
1692 Spanish re-conquer region
English mainland colonies: North America
Three zones of settlement
Caribbean (and south carolina)
Bermuda 1612
Chesapeake (and the south)
Jamestown 1607
New England
plymouth 1620, Massachusetts Bay colony 1630
English caribbean settlement
Earliest settlements
Few english migrants
Plantations (sugar) with absentee owners
Often aristocratic or business syndicates in England
Many overseers, many slaves
Majority African or Indian populations
South Carolina colony - planters who moved to the mainland (sugar, rice,, indigo)
Majority of population enslaved
Chesapeake Demographics
Men seeking fortunes (gold)
Few women migrate, fewer families
large land grants
tobacco
long growing season
flat land
lower southern colonies follow this model
Realities of Chesapeake and the south
Lower literacy
Lower church attendance
Fewer women and children
Fewer towns ( populations spread out on plantations)
Small white middle class
many slaves
Family settlements build institutions
Primary motivation: economic (pull factor)