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Upper respiratory (Paranasal sinuses (Sphenoidal, Ethmoidal, Frontal,…
Upper respiratory
Paranasal sinuses
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- Lined by resp mucosa
- Open nasal cavities allow drainage of mucus
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Mucus produced by mucous membrane, moved by ciliary action and by siphon action: blowing of nose
Pharynx
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Muscles:
- Superior constrictor
- Middle constrictor
- Inferior constrictor
- Pharyngeal raphe
- Oesophagus
Tonsils
- Lymphoid tissue in mucosa of pharynx
- Surround openings of nasal and oral cavities
Nose
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Nasal Cavity
- Anterior to posterior apertures
- Separated from oral cavity below by hard palate
- Separated from cranial cavity by: frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bone
Lateral walls:
- 3 curved shelves of bone: conchae/turbinate
Conchae divide each cavity into 4 air channels:
- increase contact surface area with inspired air
- Olfactory
- Respiratory
- Nasal vestibule
Respiratory:
- Largest part of nasal cavity
- Rich neurovascular blood supply
- Respiratory epithelium: ciliated and mucous cells
Nasal vestibule
- Lined by skin + covered in short hair follicles
Olfactory:
- Small area at apex of nasal cavity
Meatuses:
- Spaces between each concha
- Superior, middle and inferior (nasal floor)
- Spheno-ethmoidal recess: small area, above superior concha
- Adjust temp
- Trap and remove particles
- Olfaction
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Blood supply
- Anterior and posterior ethmoidal (branches of ophthalmic)
- Lateral nasal branches (from facial)
- Kiesselbach's area: arteeries anastomose on septum, common site of epitaxis