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Issues in Australia Environments (Spatial Inequality (Spatial Inequality …
Issues in Australia Environments
Spatial Inequality
Spatial Inequality Spatial Inequality investigates the differences that exist in relation to access to resources and services between different areas of Australia. This includes:
Type and quality of housing
Income levels
Access to education
Quality of health services
Employment opportunities
Air Quality
Reliance on motor vehicles as a mode of transport
Pollution from industry
Air pollution is a major issue in Australian cities. The cost of poor air quality in cities is difficult to measure but is linked to some health problems. Causes include:
Air quality can also be affected by photography by topography. In Sydney, pollution is trapped on coastal plain surrounded by mountains.
Land and Water Management
As the driest inhabited continent on Earth, water management is important for Australia as communities face the issues of water quantity and quality.
Salinity (the concentration of dissolved salts in water)
Soil erosion (the concentration of dissolved salts in water etc., usually expressed in parts per thousand by weight.)
Desertification (a type of land degradation in which relatively dry area of land becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife.)
Land Management is also an important geographical issue confronting rural Australia. These include:
Urban Growth and Decline
Urban Growth and Decline is an issue related to cities in Australia. Urban growth refers to urban areas increasing, either in area or population size. Urban decline can refer to areas within a city that become disused as a result of changes in industry or in the nature of a community. They are influenced by the processes of:
Urban consolidation (a diverse set of planning policies intended to make better use of existing urban infrastructure by encouraging development within existing urbanised areas)
Urban decay (is the process whereby a previously functioning city, or part of a city, falls into disrepair and decrepitude.)
Urban renewal (the redevelopment of areas within a large city, typically involving the clearance of slums.)
Suburbanisation (the outward growth of urban development which may engulf surrounding villages and towns into a larger urban agglomeration)
Waste Management
Landfill taking up large amounts of land
Contaminating certain environments with harmful chemicals
Modern living leads to huge volumes of waste being produced which is disposed of in the oceans, air, rivers and on the land. The geographical issue involved is the disposal of such waste. Examples include: