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Forestry Exam #1 [Lectures 1-3] (Brief History of Forestry and Natural…
Forestry Exam #1 [Lectures 1-3]
Brief History of Forestry and Natural Resource Management
"The Timber Boom" 1880-1920
Conservation Movement
Theodore Roosevelt
United States President 1901-1909, Led the Conservation Movement in the US, Established the US Forest Service, established numerous national forests, parks, and wildlife refuges
Gifford Pincohot
First Chief of U.S. Forest Service, Studied Forestry in Europe, Utilitarian point of view on forest management, developed new practices for forest management , Emphasized use of forests for maximum use for mankind
Weeks Act of 1911
Established national forests throughout the Eastern United States
Natural Parks Act of 1916
Established the National Park Service to oversee national parks (preservation management strategy)
1920-1950
Forests were used again as utilitarian use due to 3 wars, Dust Bowl era, and Great Depression
1933 : Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Created by President FDR as work relief . However, it also did the following for the National Forests
Advanced work in forestry, soil erosion prevention, and flood control
Forest Service received about 1/2 of projects but Parks also benefited
The results created a substantially developed national forest system!
1944: Sustained Yield Forest Management Act
Forest managed to produce roughly equal annual or periodic yields of resources
1960: Multiple Use Sustained Yield Act
addresses that national forests provide for multiple use and sustained yield of products(Timber, Watershed, Recreation, Fish, Wildlife)
1964: Wilderness Act
Set aside 9.1 million acres in 54 areas
World Forestry
Major Forest Types of North America
Rocky Mountain Forest
Dominated by evergreens (Douglas Fir)& Aspen
Southern Pine/Oak-Pine Forest
fire adapted & dependent- Made up of Southern Pines (long leaf pine) or a mixture of pines and oaks
Central Broad Leaf Forest (Temperate/Eastern Deciduous/Seasonal Forest)
(oak-hickory and mixed mesophytic species------- [poplar, basswood, cucumber, buckeye, gum]
Pacific Coast Forest
Made up of mostly conifers, Dominated by Douglas Fir [High precipitation, rain forest]
Northern Hardwood Forest (Deciduous)
(sugar maple, birch, beech, aspen)
Bottomland Hardwood Forest
Found in lowland flood plains along large rains and lakes (along Mississippi River). Made up of deciduous hardwood trees (gum, oaks, bald cypress)
Northern Coniferous Forest (Boreal)
Dominated by evergreens (firs, spruce)
Tropical Forest
Found along southern tip of Florida (Transitional areas made up of mangroves, palm trees, and other plants)
West Virginia Has Diverse Forest Types
Ridge and Valley= Oak/Hickory, deciduous forest
Allegheny Mountains= Northern Hardwood Forests (sugar maple, beech, birch) & Boreal Conifer Forests (Red spruce)
State is~ 80% forested
Allegheny Plateau= Eastern Deciduous Forest
Cumberland Mountains= Mixed mesophytic forest (poplar, basswood, cucumber, buckeye, gum)
I. Timberland= 22% of US land area
Northern&Southern Regions account for ~75%
Highly productive (Industrial Wood), not allocated for non-timber uses
II. Reserved Forest Land= 2%
Rocky Mountains&Pacific Coast account for 75%
Moderately productive but allocated for specific non-timber uses(Wilderness Areas, Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks)
III. Other Forest Land= 77%
Slow growing, non productive forests; Valued for other uses (Watershed protection, Wildlife Habitat, Grazing, Recreation)
Majority in Alaska and Great Plains
Forest Landowner Goals, Objectives, and Constraints