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Problem 5 (Figure -ground theory (external edges (shading makes an object…

- - - - which geons are present?
      - what is the spatial relation among geons?
  - - - because this edge-on viewpoint occurs only rarely
- - - - law of good figure
      - law of simplicity
        
        the central law
        
        every stimulus pattern is seen in a way that the resulting structure as simple as possible
    - - when connected, result in straight or smoothly curving lines are seen as belonging together, and the lines tend to be seen in such way as to follow the smoothest path
    - - similar things appear to be grouped together
    - - things that are near each other appear to be grouped together
      - nearness
    - - elements that are within the same region of space appear to be grouped together
    - - a connected region of visual properties is perceived as a single unit
    - - visual events that occur at the same time are perceived as belonging together
    - - things that are moving in the same direction appear to be grouped together
    - - through making edges around a group of stimuli, they are perceived as belonging together
    - - things that form patterns that are familiar or meaningful are likely to become grouped together
    - - we are likely to see shapes that we are confronted with often, while there are other shapes that can be distinguished
      - pareidolia
        
        the erroneous or fanciful perception of a pattern or meaning in something that is actually ambiguous or random
  - - - property of figure
      - the contour separating the figure from the ground appears to the figure
    - - relatively small in area
      - convex
      - oriented vertically
      - symmetric
      - in the lower part of the display
- - - - Apperceptive agnosia
        
        the features of the visual info from the retina are put together to form a perceptual representation of an object
        
        damage is often located in the right hemisphere
        
        only discrimination
        
        failure in recognition that is due to a failure of perception
        
        able to effectively allocate attention to locate the object and perceive the parts
        
        UNABLE to group together the parts they wee and name the object accurately
      - Associative agnosia
        
        able to copy & draw things they cannot recognize
        
        often cannot identify, describe or mimic functions of items
        
        the meaning of an object is attached to the perceptual representation and the object is identified
        
        perception is intact
    - - face blindness
      - a cognitive disorder of face perception where the ability to recognize familiar faces is impaired
      - other aspects of visual processing is alright
    - - the lack of integrating perceptual wholes within knowledge
      - inability to integrate parts
      - a sub-disease of agnosia
      - often specific for objects and animals