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Climate Stability on Earth and Earthlike Planets (Habitable Zone (Water…
Climate Stability on Earth and Earthlike Planets
Solar Luminosity
4.6 BY to Present
30% Increase
~1% per 100Ma
Evolution of the Sun
Main Sequence Star
Present Day
Red Giant
~5Ga from Today
x1000 Luminosity of present day
White Dwarf
13-14 Ga
x100 Luminosity of present day
Climate Evolution
Planets
Venus
Orbit
0.72AU
Solar Flux
~1.9x of Earth :
Greenhouse effect
Runaway
Atmosphere
H2O
Warm
Infrared
Trapped
Thermosphere
Cold
Stratosphere
U. Thermosphere
Infrared
Escapes
Multiple Stages
Stabilisation Lost
Surface Temps increase
1500 K
Evaporation of Oceans
Wet Atmosphere
Photodissociation
5.Hydrogen Escapes to Space
Reducing Atmosphere
Silicate Weathering Ceases
CO2 Accumulates in Atmosphere
Sulphuric Acid Clouds
Mars
Solar Flux
43% less than Earth
CO2
Condenses
Cold Temperatures
Heat Flux
Planet Interior
Smaller than Earth
Size
1/2 of Earth
Mass
1/10 of Earth
Decreases
Plate Tectonics Cease
Carbonate-Silicate Weathering Cycle Ceases
Carbon Remains Trapped
Diminished Greenhouse Effect
Habitable Zone
Water
Exists
Liquid State
Moves
Outward
Over Time
Continuously Habitable Zone (CHZ)
Solar System
Boundaries
1.01 - 1.7 AU
Depends on Planets Atmosphere
0.95AU
Exoplanets
2009
346 Discovered
22/1/2017
3,565 Discovered
Kepler Telescope
2,000 Discovered
Future
James Webb Telescope
Very Large Telescope