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CELL CYCLE (Mitosis (PROPHASE (centrosome duplicates (form 2 daughter…

- - - - produces 2 daughter cells with same genetic components as parent cell
      - continuous process , divided into 5 stages
        
        prophase -> prometaphase -> metaphase -> anaphase -> telophase
    - - cell divides into 2 daughter cells
  - - - G1
        
        prepare cell for division
        
        restriction point - committed to division& moves to S phase
      - S
        
        DNA synthesis replicates genetic material
        
        each chromosome consist of 2 sister chromatids
        
        ensure each daughter cell receive a copy of every chromosome
      - G2
        
        assemble cytoplasmic materials needed for mitosis & cytokinesis
- - - - form 2 daughter centrosomes that migrate to opposite ends of cell
      - organise production of microtubules that form spindle fibers that constitute of mitiotic spindle
  - - - pulled by spindle fibres attached to kinetochore regions
- - - - G1 cyclins
        
        low in G1 , rise slowly to peak in mid-S phase , then drop slowly back to zero at end of M phase
      - G1/S cyclins
        
        very low for most cell cycle , with sharp & symmetrical peak at G1/S transition
      - S cyclins
        
        low in early G1 , rise slowly through late G1 & S , peak in early G2 & drop sharply back to zero in early M phase
      - M cyclins
        
        very low through all of G1 , rise slowly through peak at G2/M transition & drop sharply to zero in middle of M phase
        
        promotes events of M phase - nuclear envelope breakdown & chromosome condensation
  - - - functional enzyme
      - allow to modify target proteins inside cell
      - also need particular site for activation or else negatively regulated
    - - enzymes that phosphorylate ( attach phosphate groups ) to specific target proteins
      - attached phosophate group acts like switch - more/less active