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Genetics (Cloning (Asexual reproduction: creates offspring without…
Genetics
Cloning
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Nuclear transfer
Transplant adult cell nucleus to egg cell, stimulate with electricity, insert into surrogate mother
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Embryo transplantation
Fertilise gametes from best male/female, embryo splits into more embryos, inserted into surrogates
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Vocabulary
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Genotype: what alleles there are (letters, not observable)
Phenotype: the trait that alleles form (description, observable)
Variation
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Inherited variation
Born with it
Simple inheritance: one gene, one trait (gender)
Polygenic inheritance: many genes, one trait (hair)
Inherited half of mother's genes, half of father's genes
Eye colour, hair colour, risk of disease
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Genes
Molecular Structure
Cell nucleus: controls cell, contains chromosome
Chromosome: contains pairs of genes (alleles), carries genetic information from parent to child
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Gametes join to create an embryo, passing on 50% of parents DNA to offspring
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DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid, chains of chemical bases that form genetic information
Alleles
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Heterozygous: different alleles (one dominant, one recessive)
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Predicting Genotypes
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Test cross
Type of breeding revealing genotype of a parent based on the offspring's and the other parent's genotypes
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