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Cardiovascular (Blood vessels (Blood vessel structure (Tunica externa…

- - - - • Water
        • Nutrients
        • Gases
  - - - Elastic & collagen fibres
    - - Smooth muscle
        
        Vasoconstriction
    - - Endothelium
- - - - Serous
      - Fibrous
    - - Cardiac muscle
    - - Endothelium
  - - - Tricuspid valve
        
        Right ventricle
        
        Pulmonary valve
        
        Lungs
    - - Bicuspid valve
        
        Left ventricle
        
        Aortic valve
        
        Aorta
  - - - Stroke volume x heart rate
    - - SNS = Vasoconstriction
        
        Increased blood pressure
- - - - Blood clotting
        
        1 - Vasoconstriction
        
        Thromboxane
        
        2 - Platelet plug formation
        
        Clotting factors (vWF)
        
        3 - Coagulation
        
        Thrombin
        
        4 - Fibrinolysis
        
        Plasmin
    - - Erythropoeisis
        
        Hypoxia
        
        Erythropoietin
        
        Nutrients: B12, Folic acid, Iron
      - Haemolysis
        
        Spleen
        
        Bilirubin
      - Haemoglobin
        
        4 polypeptide chains (globin)
        • Adult = 2 alpha/2 beta
        • Foetal = 2 alpha/2 gamma
      - Haematocrit
    - - Made in red bone marrow
      - Foetal life - made in liver/spleen
      - • Myeloid line
        • Lymphoid line
    - - Agranulocytes
        
        Lymphocytes
        
        Monocytes
      - Granulocytes
        
        Eosinophils
        
        Neutrophils
        
        Basophils
  - - - Albumin
        
        • Smallest and most numerous
        • Carrier of substances
        • Maintains osmotic pressure
      - Globulins
        
        • Immunity
        • Transport ions
      - Fibrinogen
        
        • Blood clotting
    - - Mineral components
        
        Cations (positive)
        
        Anions (negative)
      - • Carbohydrates
        • Fats/oils
        • Amino acids
        • Vitamins
    - - • Urea
        • Creatinine
        • Uric acid
        • Carbon dioxide
    - - • Oxygen
        • Carbon dioxide