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Multi-Store Model - Evaluation (Fails to explain (Shallice and Warrington…
Multi-Store Model - Evaluation
Supporting Evidence
Glanzer & Cunitz
P's prevented from rehearsing a list of one syllable words (Brown-Peterson technique)
Could recall first words, but not those in middle or end
If P's allowed to recall immediately, they remembered words in beginning and end
Primary-recency effect
- words at beginning of list are rehearsed and placed into LTM, words in middle displaced, words at end still in STM
Support distinction of STM and LTM and the role of rehearsal in passing info from STM to LTM
Beardsley (1997)
Pre-frontal cortex is active when doing tasks involving STM
Squire et al (1992)
Hippocampus is active when LTM is engaged
Different brain localisation shows part of memory are in different parts of the brain, supporting concept of distinct memory stores
Challenging Research
Research demonstrated memory is a product of processing info, not maintenance rehearsal
P's asked questions about stimulus words at different processing levels
Shallow level ("is the word printed in capital letters), deep level ("is the word a type of fruit)
Shallow level words less likely to be recalled than those requiring a deeper level of processing
Contradicts claim maintenance rehearsal is required for into to be passed to LTM
Fails to explain
Evidence pointed to a need to rework simple unitary concepts
Shallice and Warrington (1970)
One patient with amnesia found recall of digits difficult when read to him, but easier when read to himself (case study of KF)
Clive Wearing
- virus caused damage to hippocampus
Had very little long term memory for events that happened in his life, but could remember skills e.g. piano, writing
Shows MSM is too simplistic and should consist of a number of different stores
MSM argues transfer of info between STM and LTM is via rehearsal
Evidence from everyday life that rehearsal is not necessary - levels of processing theory offers better explanation
Applications
Model used to give greater understanding of how memory works
Informs students that they must undergo maintenance rehearsal to pass info into LTM
Confirms importance of effective revision if students want to do well in exams