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Chapt. 1 (Closed Classes (structural relationships) (Prepositions…
Chapt. 1
Closed Classes (structural relationships)
Determiners
Auxiliaries
Qualifiers
Prepositions
Prepositional Phrase
Functions as Adverbial
Can be part of Noun Phrases
The fans
in the ballpark
raved.
Conjuctions
Open classes (Form Classes)
Nouns
Can inflect
Plural
Noun Phrases (Subjects)
Possessive
Headword
In Noun Phrase
Determiners
Articles (a, an, the)
Demonstrative Pronouns (this, that, those, these)
Possessive case nouns (Mary's, Bob's)
Signal Noun Phrase
Verbs
Can show Tense
Verb Phrases (predicates)
Intransitive Verb
Precedes nothing
Transitive Verb
Precedes noun phrase (direct object)
Adjectives
Modify Nouns
Inflected
Superlative
Comparative
Adverbs
Modifies Verbs
Adjectives + derivational suffix; eg, -ly
Quick --> Quick - ly
-ly are adverbs of manner
time; place; manner; frequency
how often, how much, where, when, why, how
Moveability
The Sentence
NP + VP
Noun Phrase
Can substitute Pronoun for noun phrase