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SHOCK :zap: (OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK (Occurs when blood flow in the heart or…

- - - - TREATMENT:
        Low dose dopamine
      - HEMODYNAMIC
        PARAMETERS
        
        Means arterial pressure :arrow_down:
        HR :arrow_up:or :arrow_down:
        Central venous pressure :Varies
        CO :arrow_down:
        Peripheral vascular resistance :arrow_up:
        pH :arrow_down:
        Pao2 :arrow_down:
        paCO2 :arrow_down:
      - CHARACTERISTICS
        
        -Poor pump performance (heart)
        -Low blood pressure
        -Crackles in lung sounds
        -Pulse rate can be up, down and stable
      - Caused by extensive infarction of left ventricle, diffuse ischemia, or decompensated congestive heart failure resulting in primary pump failure.
- - - - CHARACTERISTICS
        
        -Low fluid volume
        -blood pressure decreases
        -pulse increases
        -pale, cool, moist skin
        -lung sounds are clear
      - EXOGENOUS: Hypovolemic shock due to external bleeding. This could be caused by blunt or penetrating injuries to vessels or organs, long bone or pelvic fractures, major vascular injuries and multisystem injuries.
        
        ENDOGENOUS: Hypovolemic shock due to fluid lost but remains inside the body. This could be caused by dehydration, burns, crush injuries and anaphylaxis
      - HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS
        
        Means arterial pressure :arrow_down:
        HR :arrow_up:
        Central venous pressure :arrow_down:
        CO :arrow_down:
        Peripheral vascular resistance :arrow_up:
        pH :arrow_up:
        Pao2 :arrow_down:
        PaCO2 :arrow_down:
      - TREATMENT:
        IV fluids
- - - - OBSTRUCTED SUPERIOR/INFERIOR VENA CAVA:
        -Decreases cardiac output by decreasing venous return
      - PERICARDIAL TAMPONADE:
        -Diastolic filling of the right ventricle is impaired, leading to decreased cardiac output
      - PULMONARY EMBOLUS OR TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX:
        -Prevent adequate blood flow to the lungs resulting in inadequate venous return to left side of the heart.
  - - - PULMONARY EMBOLUS:
        Pulmonary artery occlusion :arrow_down: or normal
        CO :arrow_down:
        Systemic vascular resistance :arrow_up:
- - - - CHARACTERISTICS
        
        -Low blood pressure
        -decreased pulse pressure
        -flushed, warm, moist skin
        -lungs may have wheezes or may be decreased breathing with no sounds
        
        HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS:
        CO :arrow_down:
        Central venous pressure :arrow_down:
        Pulmonary artery pressure :arrow_down:
      - TREATMENT:
        Epinepherine
        diphenhydramine
        salbutamol
        ipratropium
        corticosteroids
    - - CHARACTERISTICS
        
        -Low blood pressure
        -increased pulse
        -flushed or pale, hot or cool, moist skin
        -crackle sounds in lungs (if in pulmonary region
        
        HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS:
        Means arterial pressure :arrow_down:
        HR :arrow_up:
        Central venous pressure :arrow_up:
        CO :arrow_up:then :arrow_down:
        Peripheral vascular resistance :arrow_up:
        pH :arrow_down:
        Pao2 :arrow_down:
        PaCO2 :arrow_down:
      - TREATMENT:
        IV fluids
        Norepinepherine
        High dosed dopamine
    - - CHARACTERISTICS
        
        -vasodilation of blood vessles
        -maldistribution of blood
        -low peripheral resistance
        -low blood pressure
        -decreased pulse
        -flushed, dry, warm skin
        -clear lung sounds
        
        HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS:
        Means arterial pressure :arrow_down:
        HR :arrow_down:
        Central venous pressure :arrow_down:
        CO :arrow_down:
        Peripheral vascular resistance :arrow_down:
        pH :arrow_down:
        Pao2 :arrow_down:
        PaCO2 : increased and decreased rate
      - TREATMENT:
        IV fluids
        Atropine
        high dosed dopamine
        norepinepherine