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Duress (Duress of circumstance (external circumstances, Willer (1986) (D…

- - - - women subjected to domestic violence may be denied the defence
        
        women are vunreable and have low self esteem
  - - - dudley and stephens
        
        survival instinct
      - R A children
      - law expects too much heroism
- - - - was the threat imminent
        
        hudson and taylor
        
        threat would be counted as imminent if at the time of crime it was operating on the accused mind
        
        2 teenagers convicted of purgery , the threat could not be carried out there and then . one of the gang members posed threat to the girls
    - - There was no threat but D believed there was
      - hijacking case
    - - R v Valderrama Vega(1985)
        
        colombia cocaine importation
        
        D took part in cocaine importation under threat of revealing his homosexuality to his family
  - - - accepted
        
        Psychiatric
        
        bowen
        
        age , pregnancy and physical disability
      - not accepted
        
        low IQ
        
        Bowen
        
        self induced
        
        flatt and Hasan
    - - robbery under duress of 2 men
        
        schizoid
        
        characteristics took into account