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Hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity (Hypersensitivity reactions…

- - - - Nursing Considerations for
        Patients undergoing Plasmapheresis
        -Be aware of common side effects (hypotension and citrate toxicity)
        PREPROCEDURE CARE
        •Teach about the procedure and what to expect, including what the machine looks like, the need for arterial and venous insertion sites, and the length of time of the procedure (2 to 5 hours).
        •Check with physician about holding medications until after the procedure.
        •Assess vital signs and weight.
        •Assess CBC, platelet count, and clotting studies.
        Clients undergoing plasmapheresis are at high risk for anemia and coagulation problems secondary to hemolysis of cells.
        •Check blood type and crossmatch for replacement blood products.
        
        CARE DURING THE PROCEDURE AND POSTPROCEDURE
        •Observe for dizziness or hypotension.
        -Hypovolemia is a complication of plasma exchange, especially during the procedure when up to 15% of the client’s blood volume is in the cell separator.
        •Apply pressure dressing to access site(s) to prevent bleeding.
        •Monitor for infection and bruises at the intravenous port site.
        •Monitor electrolytes and signs of electrolyte loss.
        •Reevaluate preprocedure laboratory data, especially CBC, platelet count, and clotting times.
        .