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Ecology of Parenting: It is bidirectional and dynamic. (Parenting Styles:…
Ecology of Parenting:
It is bidirectional and dynamic.
Macrosystem Influences:
Political Ideology
Religious influence, National influence and Ethnic Influence and Progressive Influence
Socioeconomic status
High vs. Low Socioeconomic status
Exosystem influence: Parental Occupation
Culture, Ethnicity & Religion
Similarity across cultures: (1) Ensure physical health and survival, (2) Develop behavioral capacities for economic self-maintenance, and (3) Instill behavioral capacities for maximizing cultural values such as morality, prestige, and achievement.
Diversity: Collectivistic or individualistic orientations
Family Dynamics and Changes over time
Children's Characteristics
Age & Cognitive Development
Temperament
easy, difficult, or slow-to-warm-up
Gender
Presence of a Disability
Family Characteristics
Size (# of children)
Configuration (genders and spacing)
Parent's Life Stage
Marital Quality
Parental Ability to Cope with Stress
Parenting Styles: acceptance/responsiveness VS. demandingness/control
Authoritarian (Parent-centered)
Authoritative (democratic)
Permissive (Child-centered)
Uninvolved
Microsystem Influences on Parenting Style: Interactions between Parent and Child
Attachment
secure attachment
Resistant attachment (insecure)
Avoidant attachment (insecure)
Disorganized/disoriented attachment (insecure)
Self Regulation and Prosocial Behavior:
the process of bringing one's emotions, thoughts and/or behavior under control. Prosocial behavior is behavior that benefits other people such as altruism, sharing, and cooperation
Socioemotional and Cognitive Competence
Competent vs. Incompetent
refers to a pattern of effective adaptation to one's environment; it involves behavior that is socially responsible, independent, friendly, cooperative, dominant and achievement oriented.
Uses the HOME assessment
Appropriate Parenting Practices
Developmental Appropriateness
consider the child's age capacity
Maintain reasonable expectations for the child
Consider and work with the child's strengths/limitations/needs
Utilize a range of acceptable disciplinary approaches
Give basic care, nurturing, and support
Model Self-control
Inappropriate Parenting Practices: Child Maltreatment (Abuse and Neglect)
Physical Abuse, Sexual abuse, psychological abuse, emotional abuse,