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Cell and Population Growth Part 1 (Shorter Gen. Time than Euk.? (size:…
Cell and Population Growth Part 1
Bacterial Cell Division and Growth
generation time: the time it takes a cell to divide or a population to double
bacterial growth is logaritmic (grows exponentially)
growth occurs in many different shapes sizes and colors
Requirements for Growth
Energy Source
chemical
chemoheterotrophs: energy from organic compounds
chemoautotrophs: energy from inorganic compounds (CO2)
light
photoheterotrophs: energy from organic compounds
photoautotrophs: energy from inorganic compounds (CO2)
photosynthesis
many similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic photosynthesis
carboxysome: protein shell containing RuBisCO for carbon fixation
uses CO2 and RBP to make 3-phosphoglycerate
respiration
aerobic: glycolysis, krebs cycle, ETC, O2 is electron acceptor
anaerobic: glycolysis, krebs cycle, ETC, something other than O2 is electron acceptor
fermentation: glycolysis, fermentation using organic compounds as an electron receptor, not as efficient in ATP production, faster
Propionibacterium: CO2, Propionic acid; swiss cheese
Aspergillus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus: lactic acid; cheddar cheese, yogurt, soy sauce
Clostridium: acetone, isopropanol; nail polish remover, rubbing alcohol
Escherichia and Acetobacter: acetic acid; vinegar
Saccharomyces: CO2, ethanol; wine, beer
Source of Materials
bacteria rely on decomposition and scavenging for nutrients
inside of body they rely on nutrients from the food we eat
siderophore: brings iron from the environment back to the cell so that it can grow
need specific nutrients to survive/grow, limiting nutrients limits growth
C, O, H, N, S, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe: important to build things for cell
Appropriate Environmental Conditions: amount of nutrients and temperature
Prokaryotic division
symmetrical division (binary fission)
asymmetrical division
multiple fission: cell gets big and builds cells inside of itself, then cells are released
budding: smaller daughter cell grows off one side
spores: often in fungi, spores are released and grow to become new organisms
Shorter Gen. Time than Euk.?
size: less to replicate, less inside compared to surface area
less complexity: needs few things to survive, circular chromosomes=easier to replicate
simultaneous transcription and translation
DNA replication "overlap": second or third rounds of replication begin before the first round is completed
Growth in Lab
closed culture system or "batch" culture
cells grown in stoppered flask
population increases in predictable fashion
generates bacterial growth curve