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CLIMATE HAZARDS (HURRICANES (How they form (Air that surrounds the low…
CLIMATE HAZARDS
HURRICANES
Facts
Hurricanes may last as long as a month and although they travel very slowly - usually at about 24 km/h
In an average year, over a dozen hurricanes form over the Atlantic Ocean and head westwards towards the Caribbean
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How they form
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Air is ejected at the top of the storm – which can be 15km high – and falls to the outside of the storm
Rising warm air causes the pressure to decrease at higher altitudes. Warm air is under a higher pressure than cold air
When this warm and wet air rises, it condenses to form towering clouds, heavy rainfall.
The faster the winds blow, the lower the air pressure in the centre, and so the cycle continues
In the centre is the eye of the hurricane, about 45 km across (30 miles) across. Often there will be no clouds in the eye
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Preparation
LEDCs are often less prepared. They may rely on aid (sometimes reluctantly) from MEDCs for the rescue and recovery process
MEDCs have the resources and technology, such as satellites and specially equipped aircraft, to predict and monitor the occurrence of storms.
Responses
Aid is given to the people who need it, for example water food and emergency shelter and medical attention.
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Most people are evacuated, but the poorest get left behind
Effects
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The intense winds of tropical storms can destroy whole communities, buildings and communication networks.
CYCLONES
How they form
Tropical cyclones are like giant engines that use warm, moist air as fuel. That is why they form only over warm ocean waters near the equator.
Warm, moist air over ocean rises upward near the surface. This air moves up and away from the surface, less air left near the surface.
Facts
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Tropical cyclones typically form over large bodies of relatively warm water. They derive their energy through the evaporation of water from the ocean surface
CASE STUDIES
Cyclone Nargis
RESPONSES
There were little warnings as there was not a lot of technology and little people were told to evacuate as most people couldn't get out
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CAUSES
There was a very low lying area of land near the delta, meaning it was more acceptable to flooding
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TYPHOONS
Facts
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The eye of a typhoon or hurricane can be anywhere between 3.2km (2mi) across right up to 320km (200mi) in diameter.
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How they are formed
Rising warm air causes the pressure to decrease at higher altitudes. Warm air is under a higher pressure than cold air, so moves towards the ‘space’ occupied by the colder, lower pressure, air.
When this warm and wet air rises, it condenses to form towering clouds, heavy rainfall. It also creates a low pressure zone near the surface of the water.
So the low pressure ‘sucks in’ air from the warm surroundings, which then also rises. A continuous upflow of warm and wet air continues to create clouds and rain.