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ASTHMA (SYMPTOMS (COMPLETELY CONTROLLED (Normal lung function (FEV1 >…

- - - - FEV1 > 80%
      - Peak flow > 80% of predicted
  - - - WITH
        
        T-Lymphocytes
        
        Dendritic cells help uptake and present allergens to lymphocytes.
        
        Mast cells
        
        Generate and release
        
        Cytokines
        
        Chemokines
        
        Mediators
        
        Growth factors
        
        INCREASED in epithelium, smooth muscle & mucous glands
        
        Eosinophils
        
        Involved in release of mediators toxic to epithelial cells
        
        LARGE numbers in bronchial wall & secretions
      - AND
        
        Smooth muscle hypertrophy
        
        Epithelial damage
        
        Oedema
        
        Mucus plugging
        
        Plasma exudation
        
        Matrix deposition
  - - - Chronic inflammation causes
        
        Formation of new vessels
        
        Interstitial collagen deposition
        
        Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy
        
        Results in persistent airway obstruction
- - - - Irritant dusts, vapors & fumes
- - - - Mother smoking during pregnancy
- - - - Caused by
        
        Sensitisation to chemical or biological products in workplace
    - - Often with atopic dermatitis
      - Mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
        
        Formed in response to allergen
        
        Produces allergen-specific IgE antibiodies
        
        Antibodies attach to mast cells
        
        Subsequent exposure
        
        Allergen binds to antibodies
        
        Release of inflammatory mediators
        
        Histamine
        
        Prostaglandins
        
        Bronchospasm - asthma attack
        
        Leukotrienes
      - Precipitated by an allergic response
- - - - Based on
        
        Age
        
        Gender
        
        Height
      - % of predicted OR patient's best
    - - FEV1 / FVC Ratio LESS THAN 70%
    - - FEV1 Improvement > 12%
  - - - Atopic status