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Sophia Wilson Period 6 74% Aztec & Inca (Tenochtitlan (The…
Sophia Wilson Period 6 74% Aztec & Inca
Fall of the Aztec Empire
Hernan Cortes
Cortes was from Extremadura, in Spain.
Conquered
Smallpox, which was brought to America due to the Colombian Exchange, killed many Aztecs.
Montezuma
Aztec Culture
Food
A beer called octli was name from the fermented sap of the Maguey Cactus. Alcoholic drinks were only consumed in moderation.
One of the most valued foods was the cocoa bean which was, and still is used to make chocolate. Their chocolate was very different than the chocolate we eat today. The cocoa bean was even used as a currency.
They grew many types fruit, such as guavas, papayas, mamey, and zapotes.
The Aztec ate many different foods, such as snakes,insects, fish, honey, and even dogs!
Maize (yellow corn) was used a lot in Aztec food. For example, the Aztecs used maize to make tortillas tamales and gruel.
Clothing
Clothing usually did not cover the body was loose fitting. They were usually made of cotton or ayate fiber, which is made from the Maguey Cactus.
There were laws about the types of clothing that Aztecs could wear. For example, only nobles could wear clothes decorated with feathers, and only the emperor could wear a turquoise colored cloak.
Women wore long skirts and blouses, and men wore loincloths and long capes. Poor people usually made their own cloth and used it to make clothes, and it was the wife's responsibility to make clothes.
Aztecs were able to create a large variety of dyes, which led to the bright colors we see in Mexico today.
The military had their own style of dress, depending in the military group. War heroes were permitted to wear more jewelry and decorative clothing.
Education
Boys learned how to farm or how to make pottery or feather work.
Manners and correct behavior were important for Aztec children. There was severe punishment for breaking these rules.
Girls learned about religion and how to cook and make clothing.
Parents taught young children, but they went to school when they reached their teens.
All children including girls and slaves had to attend school, which was rare for this time in history.
Tenochtitlan
The Aztecs built causeways and canals for transportation.
There were aqueducts that were used mainly for cleaning and washing.
Tenochtitlan was located on an island in Lake Texcoco in which is now in Mexico.
Tenochtitlan was founded in 1325 and was the capital of the Aztec empire.
Tenochtitlan was part of an alliance with two other cities, Texcoco, and Tlacopan, but Tenochtitlan was more powerful.
Aztec Engineering
Temples
Temples were four-sided with stairs on one side and a flat top. They were stable and could withstand earthquakes.
The Aztecs called their temples
Teocalli
which means god houses.
Each group that controlled the city of Cholula added to the temple that was there. That is how the Cholula temple became the largest temple by volume in the world.
Many rituals besides human sacrifice were performed at the temples, such as blood-letting, burning of copal (tree resin), and music
It is likely that many of the temples were there before the Aztec empire existed. Many people still go to the temples today for religious observances.
Chinampas
Although most of the chinampas have been abandoned, some are still in use today.
The Aztecs grew many types of flowers on the chinampas, and probably many other crops.
Chinampas were built on lake beds with canals in between.
Chinampas was a system of farming that the Aztecs used.
Inca Engineering
Terraces
One of the benefits of terraces was that they were good for protecting plants from natural disasters
Terraces are still used in agriculture today.
The mountain and hill sides were used in order to get more direct sunlight for the crops or plants grown.
Using terraces for agriculture is a good farming practice because it helps prevent erosion.
Terraces were built on the sides of mountains and hills, and were used as land for farming.
Aqueducts
Aqueducts connected to baths, fountains, and areas for growing crops.
Aqueducts were built using stone. Some were built out of one piece of stone to reduce leaks.
When there was too much melted snow, water was carried to reservoirs for storage.
These aqueducts still work today!
Aqueducts carried water from the mountains to Incan towns.
Fall of the Inca Empire
Conquered
Smallpox which was brought too America due to the Colombian Exchange killed around 65-90% of Incas.
Atahualpa
Francisco Pizarro
Inca Culture
Religion
Huaca
were sacred elements of nature, such as mountains, rivers, or even man-made things like temples
Incans believed in an afterlife, and carefully prepared their dead.
The main god was Viracocha, who created the stars, earth, and all living things.
The Inca were polytheistic, which means they believed in many gods.
Food
The Incan army ate dried fish since it was a good source of nourishment when travelling.
Chicha was a special drink that could be made from maize, other grains, or fruit. Chicha was served during religious festivals.
Guinea pigs were the main source of meat since they were very easy to take care of.
The Incans also ate seaweed. Blue algae was eaten raw.
There were many crops such as maize (corn), coco beans, grains, sweet potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, quinoa, and avocado.
Machu Picchu
The ruins of Machu Pichu were discovered on July 24th, 1911.
Many of the buildings in Machu Pichu are examples of an Incan building technique where the stones were cut to fit together without any mortar.
Machu Pichu was built when the Inca empire was strong, but it was abandoned 100 years after it was built.
Archaeologists believe that Machu Pichu consisted of different areas, such as one for homes, a sacred area, a farming area, and a royal district.
Machu Pichu is now a World Heritage Site, and many people visit.