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Monserrat Campos Period 5 Aztec & Inca (Fall of the Inca Empire,…
Monserrat Campos Period 5
Aztec & Inca
Fall of the Aztec Empire
Hernan Cortes
Cortes is from a part of Spain called Extremadure
His purpose for coming to the new world was to win riches and become wealthy.
He was a Spanish conquistador in search of treasure.
Montezuma was the emperor of the Aztec. He allowed Hernan Cortes into the empire believing he was a god becausr of his belongings.
Cortes scared the Aztecs with guns and horses. He created alliances with Aztec enemies, then took control of the city and took Montezuma hostage.
Factors of Conquering
Cortes formed allies with Aztec enemies.
Scared Aztecs with guns and horses which they had never seen before.
Malimtzin gave Cortes Aztec secrets.
Diseases (small pox)
Culture
Religion :
Priests were not allowed to bathe or to cut their hair.
Ceremonial bathing was important to Aztec daily life to be clean and religiously purified.
The Aztec believed that their gods needed human blood to keep blood balanced, so they practiced human sacrifice.
The Aztec built pyramid temples for their gods and leaders.
The Aztec were polytheistic which means they practice more than one god [sun-death-corn-rain].
Games
Patolli
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Ullamaliztli
This game was played with a rubber ball and is super difficult.
The game is sometimes referred to as Tlachtli.
The game was not only important to entertainment, but to politics and religion.
Ullamaliztli is played on a Tlachtli ball court.
The ullamaliztli ball court was one of the first things the Aztec's built when they moved into their land.
It is named after a small red bean that is used to play the game.
Patoli was played way before the Aztecs came along but it was still very popular.
Sacrifices were made because of the dice, and the players would pray to their gods.
Patoli is a board game.
Language
Nahuatl
Nahuatl is still is still spoken by 1.5 million people today.
The Aztecs were on of the last Nahuatl speaking groups.
It is most likely that the Nahuatl speakers were the most dominant.
The Aztecs most dominant language was Nahuatl.
Aztec Engineering
Chinampas
Chinampas are like floating gardens on a lake
Many people in Mexico still use chinampas today
When the Spanish arrived, the chinampas covered nearly 9,000 hectares of land.
Not many of the Aztecs same chinampas are used today
Six crops can grow on a chinampa each year
Aztec Temples
Most temples were built of stone, and covered with paint,
Aztec temples were called Teocalli, which means gods houses,by the Mexica people.
Some people still go to the temples to pray to their gods.
Some of the temples have Roman Catholic churches built over top.
The temples were built with a really good structure that earthquakes haven't damaged them much.
Tenochtitlan
The city was the capital of the Aztec Empire.
The population more than doubled London's and Rome's.
The Spanish were amazed when they saw a city [Tenochitlan] full of riches.
Tenochtitlan was built on an island in the middle of a lake because of an old preist.
The city was full of riches, temples, ball courts, and earthen bridges.
Fall of the Inca Empire
Pizzaro took the Inca by suprise and attacked Alahuapla first.
They could not scare away Pizzaro.
Francisco Pizzaro
He is a Spanish explorer known for conquering the great Inca Empire.
He came to the New World because he heard of cities of gold(Inca Empire)and wanted to become wealthy.
He is also from Extremadure in Spain.
The Inca was intimidated with Pizzaro's guns and other weapons.
Alahualpa
Pizzaro tricked him into coming to a meeting unprepared and robbed him of his gold and silver.
Pizzaro killed him once he got his gold.
He was the emperor of the Inca empire.
Diseases (small pox)
Culture
Religion
Their main god was the sun god.
They sacrificed animals for their gods.
The Inca were also polytheistic which means the believe in more than one god.
Most of the time they sacrificed white llamas.
They believed in reincarnation which means to pass away and your soul will take another life form.
Inca Life
Most large families lived near each other in villages or cities.
The Inca's life was full of hard work every day because of their rulers so they would have no energy to rebel against them.
Many large families would share land and space.
They would most of the time have food because of the terraces.
About ten million people lived in the Inca empire in 1533.
Language
As a solution, they recorded and communicated through knotted strings called Quipus.
The knots in the quipus indicated a certain number to communicate.
This was a really big problem for the Inca government because they had no way to communicate.
Same times the knots would be different colors to indicate different things.
The Incas had no real written language.
Inca Engineering
Terraces
The Inca farmers dug out these terraces on the sides of the Andes Mountains.
The Inca farmers main crop on these terraces were potatoes.
Terraces are a way the Inca stopped erosion from collapsing their buildings and houses.
The Inca's villages are mostly still standing because of the terraces today.
With the terraces, the Inca were able to grow more food than needed.
Aqueducts
The Inca's aqueducts are built of stone. Some are built of one piece of stone.
Some of the aqueducts connected to baths or fountains.
An aqueduct is a pipe or channel that carries water from one place to another.
Some aqueducts still provide water for towns in Peru and the Andes Mountains.
Since the Inca Empire was super large it required many resources like water to stay large, but the aqueducts provided all the water the Inca needed.
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu has many water fountains that provide the city with clean water.
Machu Picchu has over a 3000 stone step structure, and is amazingly 5 miles long in distance.
Most people believe that Machu Picchu was built just for the emperor of the Inca.
It is believed that at least 5000 people worked on building Machu Picchu.
Machu Picchu's building structures weren't as different as other Inca buildings. They are built of carved stacked stone.