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Diego Severiche period 5 Aztec and Inca …
Diego Severiche period 5 Aztec and Inca (Done)
Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan also had a zoo with many different animals like jaguars and snakes.
Tenochtitlan was one of the biggest cities in the world at the time of 1500.
Because of it's location on an island in a river, the city was easy to defend against invaders.
Tenochtitlan was full of beautiful buildings, massive temples, and houses.
Tenochtitlan was built on an island and connected by earthen bridges. People used canoes to get to different places in the city.
Aztec Culture
Language
Their are still 1.5 million people speaking Nahuatl.
Some words in English that originated in Nahuatl are avocado, chili, chocolate, coyote, and tomato.
There were only four vowels in Nahuatl a e i o.
The language of the Aztecs was called Nahuatl.
There was no written language for Nahuatl, so they used small pictures, but when the Spanish came they introduced the Spanish alphabet.
Religion
For the Aztec sacrifices, they usually used peasants, of the people they conquered or pretty woman. They needed human blood to balance out the world.
People took baths to be religiously purified.
Priest of the Aztec did not bathe, they had long hair and were covered in dried human blood.
Most homes had a steam room in it for their religious baths.
The Aztecs were polytheistic, meaning they believed in many gods.
Family Life
Weddings were not chosen by men nor women, match makers did that.
Men in the family would grow crops, hunting, and fishing.
Their were different ways to punish children. Some ways include burning chilies, making them inhale kitchen smoke, and puncturing the skin with thorns.
Woman in the family took care of the house, they looked after children, cooked and knitting.
Girls, boys, and slaves were all required by law to go to school.
Aztec Engineering
Chinampas
Chinampas were little pieces of land connected by roots, mud,etc. Adding on to the land.
The Aztecs mainly used the chinampas for farming.
It took about 4-8 men about eight days to make an average chinampa.
They were connected to the cities by navigational canals of massive size.
The most popular crop to grow was squash.
Temples
The walls of the temples were usually covered with blood.
The Aztecs did not clean their temples that much.
The sacrificing rooms were usually at the top of the building.
Instead of just taking down an old temple and making a new one, they would just add levels.
The Aztec temples rivaled the Egyptian pyramids.
Fall of the Aztec empire
Conquered
Smallpox was a contributing factor to conquering the Aztec that they didn't even know about. It killed most of the native Americans and over half of the Aztec weakening the Aztec army by a lot.
The Aztecs had many enemies, they conquered many other tribes, made them pay taxes, and made them give sacrifices, so when the Cortez started to conquer them, the other tribes started to help them.
Cortez's army block waterways and food supply making the fall of the Aztecs easier.
Cortez's horses and guns shocked the Aztecs because they never seen it before.
Montezuma
He welcomed Hernan Cortez because he thought Quetzalcoatl, an Aztec god.
There is no exact way Montezuma died, according to my research he might of died in battle, got captured and died, or got hit by a rock by a protester.
Montezuma was the emperor of the Aztec empire.
Cortez
Hernan Cortez was from Spain.
Hernan Cortez was a Spanish conquistador who landed in Mexico at the time of 1519 because he was looking for treasure.
Inca Culture
Food
The Inca would eat their main meals on the floor instead of a table.
Maize was the central food for the diet of the Incas.
The fires they used to cook food was either from wood or llama.
The Incas had two main meals a day, one early into the day and one late into the day.
The I were mostly vegetarian, as meat foods was only to be eaten on special occasions.
Clothing
The Inca clothing was very different depending on your title and wealth.
The emperor wore jewels, gold, and many feathers to show royalty.
While the wealthy did not compare to the emperor, they still had some of the finest of clothing, with good silk and cloth, plus gold jewelry.
Regular men had worn sleeveless cloth tunics with different colors and sandals of llama hide.
Regular women wore dresses reaching down to their knees with different colors, this was like a big piece of cloth covering the body.
Religion
Animals were used in their sacrifices, mainly llamas.
They believed in reincarnation.
Their main god was the sun god Viracocha.
the Incas mummified their people and believed in an afterlife like the Egyptians.
The Inca were polytheistic, so they believed in many gods.
Inca Engineering
Aqueducts
Some of the Inca aqueducts still survive today in the same places.
Some just carried water from near by rivers, but some got water from the top of mountains.
This allowed more arable land to be made and used for farming.
The Incas used aqueducts to carry water to dry places or areas.
Aqueducts are pipes/channels meant to carry water to certain places.
Terraces
Even though there is a lot of math behind modern terracing, the Inca were still able to make them
Because of the terraces Machu Picchu can still stand today, despite constant earthquakes
Terrace farming also prevented Machu Picchu from falling of a mountain due to erosion.
They are formed by different layers of rock with top soil at the top of the terrace.
Terracing helped the Inca grow crops and food on the mountains.
Machu Picchu
There is over 600 terraces used for farming in Machu Picchu.
Many people believe Machu Picchu was abandoned because of smallpox.
There were many fountains, stone buildings, and many tunnels. There were also bath houses and temples.
Machu Picchu's paths has more than 3000 steps connecting the ruins.
Machu Picchu was the estate, or a kind of vacation home for the Inca.
Fall of the Inca
Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro was from the Extremadura, cruel part of Spain, he couldn't even write his own name.
He fled a job herding pigs in Italy and went to the new world, he them heard of a empire filled with riches.
Conquered
Instead of fighting a full army, Pizarro aimed mainly for Atahualpa, the emperor.
The leader was tricked then killed, marking the end of the empire.
Pizarro's army had much superior weapons like guns and cannons.
European diseases like smallpox also killed many Incas.
Atahualpa
Francisco Pizarro invited Atahualpa to a meeting where he only brought 5000 bodyguards. Pizarro captured him and told him to fill a room with silver and fill a room with gold.
While Atahualpa kept his deal, Pizarro captured and killed him in 1533.
Atahualpa was the emperor of the Inca empire.
