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Done Ashley Cubias Period 5 Aztec and Inca (Tenochtitlan (The Aztecs…
Done Ashley Cubias Period 5
Aztec and Inca
Fall of the Aztec Empire
Hernan Cortes
Hernan Cortes was a Conquistador.
Hernan Cortes was from a province of Spain called Extremadura.
Hernan Cortes came to the new world top find new land and treasure.
Aztec conquered
Another thing that contributed to the fall of the Aztec was that the Europeans had better weapons than the Aztec. The Europeans had guns, swords, and horses which the Aztec didn't.
Another reason that contributed to the fall of the Aztecs was that Aztecs angered many other Native Americans. One thing they did that angered Native Americans was that when they conquered other lands they made them pay taxes and send victims to sacrifice for their gods. The people that the Aztecs angered joined forces with the Europeans to help take the Aztecs down.
One of the last things that contributed to the fall of the Aztecs was that since Hernan Cortes had seen that they needed to cross a lake, he began to build ships to help him defeat the Aztec.
One thing that contributed to the fall of the Aztec were the diseases. Since In Aztec had never experienced any of these diseases they didn't have an immunity built for them which made them vulnerable. The disease that took effect most was smallpox.
Montezuma
Montezuma died because he was captured by Hernan Cortes and when the fighting broke out, Montezuma was killed by one of the protesters rock.
Montezuma was the emperor of the Aztecs.
Montezuma welcomes Hernan Cortes because he believed he was a god. He thought this because Cortes brought new things that he had never seen before. Hernan Cortes brought things like horses and guns.
Tenochtitlan
The Aztecs sent warriors to conquer other people. They made these people pay taxes, so the Aztec emperor and noble Aztecs grew rich. The people they conquered sent sacrificed victims to Tenochtitlan.
Aztecs built the huge city of Tenochtitlan. It was also Aztec capital. It was full of pyramids, ball courts, and houses. Tenochtitlan was connected to the mainland by earthen bridges, or causeways.
At the top of pyramids in Tenochtitlan, they sacrificed their people to the gods.
Tenochtitlan was built on an island in the middle of a lake, which made it easy for them to defend themselves.
In Tenochtitlan they played many games. An Example of one of the games they played was a ball game. In this game they try to get a ball through a hoop using only their hips, legs, or legs.
Aztec Culture
Family Life
Parents taught children responsibility, citizenship, and life skills. Children of nobles attended the calmecac, or school
Aztec women stayed home taking care of the children, cooking, knitting, and doing housework.
When children misbehave, their parents punish them by making them inhale smoke. If the children were very bad the Aztecs would throw chilies in the fire. They would also puncture the children's skin with thorns.
Ceremonial bathing was an important part of their daily lives. The only people who didn't participate in the ceremonial bathing were the priests.
Men did the hunting, fishing, and agriculture.
Religion
One thing that the Aztecs did as part of their religion are human sacrifices. They believed they needed human blood in order to keep the world balanced.
Ceremonial bathing was an important part of their daily religion. The priests did not join in because they were not allowed to bathe. The bathing was not only to be clean but to be religiously purified.
Aztec Priests did not bathe or cut their hair, so they walked around with long hair covered in dry human blood.
The instruments they used for their religious music were shells, rattles, whistles, horns, bells, and drums.
The Aztecs were Polytheistic. This means that they believe in multiple gods. A few examples of the gods they believed in were the sun god, death god, corn god, and rain god.
Language
Priests kept extensive records using hieroglyphic writing.
The Aztecs spoke Nahuatl. This language is still spoken by 1.5 million people today.
Some People from Mexico speak Spanish because the Spanish are their ancestors.
A few words from Nahuatl were mixed into the English language. A few examples of those words are chocolate, avocado, tomato, chili, and coyote.
The priests were the only ones who could write Nahuatl.
Aztec Engineering
Chinampas
It was a very good irrigation system to keep crops healthy.
Chinampas are usually referred to as floating islands.
The Aztec built farming lands over lakes called chinampus.
Chinampas are artificial islands. They were created by building up extensions of soil into bodies of water.
The things they planted on Chinampas like beans, corn, maize, squash, and tomato.
Aztec temples
At the top of the Aztec temples they performed their human sacrifices.
They had pyramids of the sun and moon.The sun pyramid was 215 feet tall. The pyramid of the moon was 138 feet tall.
Aztec temples were called Teocalli which means gods houses by the Mexican people.
The Aztecs built the Great Pyramid of Cholula. That is the largest pyramid, by volume, in the world.
Most of the temples are built of stone and covered in paint.
Inca Engineering
Terraces
The terraces were built on top of aqueducts, canals, and puquios to keep the soil fertile.
The Inca used stone to build terraces because the stone would gather heat during the day, and during the night the stone would release the heat to the plats.
Terracing is used to decrease erosion and surface runoff. Thy may also be used to plant crops that require irrigation. An example of that kind of crop would be rice.
A terrace is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of flat platforms, resembling steps.
The Inca were great farmers. Their 3 major crops were potatoes,corn, and quinoa.
Aqueducts
Aqueducts was named with the Latin word for water and channel. The Latin word for water is aqua, and the Latin word for channel is ductus.
The aqueducts helped grow crops in the areas that weren't very fertile. The aqueducts managed to improve agriculture in Peru.
The water was brought from nearby rivers or fresh water springs on the mountains. Workers dug tunnels through mountains and cut channels into cliffs.
The aqueducts usually have two parts so that if one part has a problem they would still get water.
Aqueducts were structures built by the Inca to increase arable land and provide drinking and bath water for the Incan people.
Fall of Inca
Francisco Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro was conquistador.
Francisco Pizarro was from Extremadura, Spain.
Francisco Pizarro came to the new world in search of the great empire filled with gold. He has heard rumors about this land an he wanted to investigate himself. He wanted to become very wealthy exploring the Americas.
Fall of the Inca.
The Inca thought that they controlled most of the world because they had a vast amount of land. What they didn't know was that from the North they had a bigger problem. They had to deal with the disease of smallpox.
One thing that led to the fall of the Inca was that they couldn't scare away Francisco Pizarro. Atahualpa thought that Francisco Pizarro was crazy because he wanted to fight a big army with very few people, but even that didn't scare Francisco Pizarro.
Atahualpa thought that they had more than enough soldiers to defeat the Spanish soldiers. What Atahualpa didn't know was they the Spanish had better weapons, so he should have been scared.
One thing that contributed to the fall of the Inca are weapons. The European had much better weapons than the Inca so they had an advantage.
Atahualpa
Francisco Pizarro set up a meeting with Atahualpa and captured him. Francisco Pizarro offered to let Atahualpa go if he filled up one room with gold and another with silver Atahualpa kept his end of the bargain but Francisco Pizarro killed him in 1533.
Atahualpa was the emperor of the Inca empire.
Atahualpa was killed by Francisco Pizarro in 1533.
Inca Culture
Family Life
Each person had a farm and home, but they didn't own their own land.
One third of what the Inca Produced went to the emperor, or the Sapa Inca. Another One third went to the Inca temples. The Inca got to keep the last of what they produced.
The Inca has 3 types of social classes. The three types in order are emperor, 3 classes of nobles, and commoners.
The Inca called their villages the Ayllu. People born within the ayllu usually stayed within those borders.
When a boy turned 15, they received a loincloth. They were then sent way to be trained in at of craftsmanship or record keeping.
Language
The Inca sent knotted strings to send messages. This language was known as Quipu. The language required a certain amount of knots, a certain shape of knot, and a certain color.
The Inca had no written language. The languages they used were Quechua and Quipus.
The Inca spoke Quechua. This language was later destroyed by the Spanish in the 16th century.
Some words today that are from Quechua are alpaca and llama.
Originally the language Quechua was only used in a small area near Cusco, but then it spread to the people the Inca conquered.
religion
For the Inca, when they angered the gods, the gods would cause a natural disaster.
Some girls rom ages eight to ten were chosen by the government and some were honored by being sacrificed at special events. The rest of the women severed the nobles and their wives and servants for the rest of their lives.
Their supreme god was Viracocha, the creator god. The next most important god was Inti, the god of the sun. The sun god was important because it was also believed that the emperors family was related to the sun god.
The Incas were polytheistic, which means that they believe in more than one god. Some examples of their gods would be the weather god, sun god, rain god, and goddess of health and joy.
The Inca believed in human sacrifice. They used children as the sacrifice for an important event. They also sacrificed animals.
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is found in Peru, in the Andes Mountains. Its elevation is 7972 feet high.
In Machu Picchu people spoke two languages. Those two languages are Quechua and Spanish.
Today, thousands of people visit Machu Picchu. It is one of the world's most famous man made wonders.
In Machu Picchu it is usually rainy. The temperatures range from 52 to 81 degrees Fahrenheit.
Machu Picchu was the Royal escape for the Inca leaders.