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The Catholic Church: Changes and Complains (Vocabulary (Clergy (a group…
The Catholic Church: Changes and Complains
Complaints
Clerical Corruption
People were upset by the high taxes charged by the bishops to support the Pope and his projects
Popes claimed political power and commanded armies
Many of the clergy became corrupt as noble families paid for bishoprics and then demanded that their interests be served
Pope Problems
Pope Urban VI was 'impeached' because he was so moody
The French ruling family chose another pope who lived in France. Each declared that he was the pope, and that nothing the other did as pope was valid. Finally, in 1417, a council agreed on a compromise candidate, kicked out the others
From 1378-1417, two popes claimed leadership of the Church
Indulgences
Indulgences were first sold during the Crusades; they were used by those who did not go to fight as a way to support the people who did
Although this infuriated Martin Luther, the average person was thrilled with the ability to be forgiven of sin by money.
Indulgences were a way for the church to raise money to support itself.
Changes
Humanism
This started a cultural and intellectual movement known as humanism.
This also sparked more references to Greek and Roman culture, this was known as Classicism.
Scholars looked back on the works of Greek and Roman philosophers and writers.
Disruption of Class System
These included the clergy, nobility, and peasants.
The increase in trade created a new class of townspeople interested in business
Medieval societies had originally included three class systems
Exploration
Explorations of Columbus, Magellan, and others forced Europeans to reconsider their place in the world.
Europeans believed they were at the center of a small world comprised of Europe, Africa, and Asia
Exploration stimulated trade and meant increased wealth for many and led to the growth of cities and a new class of merchants.
Vocabulary
Clergy
a group ordained to perform pastoral functions in a Christian church
Link Title
Impeached
to remove from office especially for
misconduct
Humanism
cultural and intellectual movement where scholars reached back to the works of Greek and Roman philosophers and writers
Bishop
clergyman ranking above a priest, having authority to ordain and confirm, and typically governing a
diocese
Bishopric
the office of
bishop
Cardinals
Spiritual Leaders
Temporal Power
Political Power
Simony
The selling of Church offices
Nepotism
Favoritism based on family relationships
Papal Schism
Two Popes claimed leadership of the church
Indulgence
a document that offered release from punishment due to sins
Purgatory
a place or state of punishment where the souls of those who die in God's grace may make satisfaction for past sins and so become fit for
heaven
Questions
Have there been more recent movements of classicism and humanism?
How much money did churches actually make from indulgences?
When the class system changed, what was the proportion of people compared to wealth? Did the richest few still have most of the wealth or was it better distributed?
Of the popes that accepted Temporal Power and commanded armies, were any of their armies notable for wins or losses?
Since there has been discrepancies in what we have read. When did the general public actually acknowledge that the world is a sphere?