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Catholic Church: Changes and Complaints (Questions (Why did the people…
Catholic Church: Changes and Complaints
Complaints Against The Church:
Problems with Popes
Philip IV of France persuaded a newly elected French pope to move his headquarters from Rome to France.
From 1378-1417, two popes claimed leadership of the Church.
Many people's faith in the pope's authority had diminished.
Vocabulary
Papal Schism-
a split within the Catholic Church which lasted from 1378 to 1417.
Impeached-
call into question the integrity or validity of (a practice).
Nepotism-
the practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs.
Clerical Corruption
Offices were more oftens sold to the highest bidder and Bishops held more than one
Popes and Cardinals lived like kings
Popes commanded Armies and the politics.
Vocabulary
Bishopric-
the office or rank of a bishop
Cardinals-
a leading dignitary of the Roman Catholic Church. Cardinals are nominated by the Pope and form the Sacred College, which elects succeeding popes (now invariably from among their own number).
Bishop-
a senior member of the Christian clergy, typically in charge of a diocese and empowered to confer holy orders.
Temporal Power
- the power of a bishop or cleric, especially the Pope, in secular matters.
Simony-
the buying or selling of ecclesiastical privileges, for example pardons or benefices.
Indulgences
Vocabulary
Indulgence-
a grant by the Pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins after absolution. The unrestricted sale of indulgences by pardoners was a widespread abuse during the later Middle Ages.
Purgatory-
a place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven.
Indulgences were one way in which the Church sought to raise money to support itself.
Indulgence was a document that offered release from punishment due to sins, supposedly granted after a person's sins had been forgiven by a priest.
Tetzel even claimed that this indulgence could atone for sins not yet committed.
Changes Affecting the Church:
Disruption of Class System
Increase in trade, however, rose a new class of townspeople eager to capitalize on the opportunities for business and personal wealth.
Recently acquired riches gave them influence that greatly affected the power structure of society.
Medieval society until this time had been comprised of three classes: the clergy, the nobility, and the peasants.
Clergy-
the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church.
Exploration
Europeans had believed themselves to be at the center of a small, compact world comprised of the three known continents (Europe, Africa, and Asia) and the mysterious "Unknown."
Trade stimulated by these explorations meant increased wealth for many and led to the growth of cities and a new class of merchants.
Others forced Europeans to reexamine their place in this new, vast world
Humanism
Writers and instigated a new cultural and intellectual movement known as humanism.
Philosophy was centered in the belief that the human intellect was a powerful force for change and improvement
Scholars reached back to the works of Greek and Roman philosophers
Humanism-
an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.
Questions
Why did the people stop trusting the Pope
Why did scholars go back to the work of the Greeks and Romans instead of making their own?
Why were Bishops able to hold more than one office?
Why did the people complain against the churches?
Why did the Europeans believe they were the center of the Universe at the time?