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PEOPLES AND CULTURES (Kinship (why understand it? (methodology, specify…
PEOPLES AND CULTURES
Kinship
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why understand it?
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specify the distinctiveness, technology, riles, norms, marriage
comparison – theoretical reflextion, debate
Terms:
- geneologies: diagram of relatedness
- decent groups: common ancestors, descended from a specific ancestor, they don’t know everyone personally – kin groups who are lineal descendants of a common ancestor: Unilineal descent is either matrilineal (if traced through the mother) or patrilineal (traced through the father's line). Bilateral descent can be traced through either line.
- lineage: we know our place in this – direct descent from an ancestor
- cognatic: descent calculated from an ancestor or ancestress counted through any combination of male and female links
- kindred: one's family and relations – pragmatic familiar group of people
- parallel-cousin: the child of the father's brother/the mother's sister
- cross-cousin: the child of the mother's brother/father’s sister
family tree: sense of rootedness, validity of position in society, in some societies it defines the self
Descent theory:
problem w/ descent
outside of Africa
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New Guinea: politics of 'big man' disrupted the logic of descent solidarity
'big man': achieved status: fantastic feast – had to cultivate relationship w/ pig feeding women
France: Levi-Strauss (structuralism) – doesn't think that descent is the building block of societies
– alliance theory: affinal (in-laws, outside the nuclear family) exchange between groups is more important than the group themselves
elementary unit of kinship isn't the nuclear family nut the H, W, C + WB
= social solidarity based on common descent, give continuity to society
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kinship and relatedness
house; The Heat of The Heart by Carsten 1997, About the House by Carsten and Hugh-Jones 1995
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Poliandry: Tibet
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Analyse and Research ~
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Nayar case: warriors, males in military -> woman take more sexual partners vs. 'true' polyandry
limited land-base: marrying one wife keeps the land and household property together – family wealth: how many sheep
'the house': social rank is more important than the descent group or clan inn Tibet -> house rather than the blood connection
division of labour easy: farmers, heroes, trader, monk
Nepal: Nyimbra villages – patrimony: the practice of tracing descent through the father's line —contrasted with matriliny
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sexual exclusivity is weak, sexual jealousy is muted -> brother solidarity: collective status is the important #
woman POW: tease the younger bro, 'supervise' his growth, usually the favourite
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house, family, kinship –> overlapping terms
distinction between people in the household: helper, worker, permanent liver...
Variation on the theme
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big house: tax paying; little house: unmarried sister, informal residents
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Political system, politics as a social order
Ibn Khaldum–pendulum-swing theory of Islamic society: movement between rural or tribal (badawa) societies and urban civilizations (hadara). Rural societies are bound together and strengthened by a bond of ʿasabiyya (solidarity or group spirit), which also enables them to conquer more refined urban civilizations. Once in power, however, the new dynasty will progressively become weakened by the refinements of urban life, and after several generations it will be overthrown by a new rural group still held together by its ʿasabiyya.