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Shakira Chowdhury - period 1- Aztec & Inca DONE (TENOCHTITLAN (The…
Shakira Chowdhury - period 1- Aztec & Inca DONE
AZTEC CULTURE
Food
Insect and insect eggs was also another source of protein in the Aztec diet , but normally the poor people ate them.
Nopal (a prickly pear cactus) was featured in the Aztec diet.
Cocoa beans were used to make chocolate, and it was the most valued food. It was a drink in this case.
Maize (which is also called mealies or corn) was the staple grain of the Aztec empire.
Beans was also another staple food that was a good source of protein
Religion
The Aztecs worship gods like corn,death, sun, and rain and their religion was called Polytheistic.
Sacrificing humans was a salient part of their religion, and they chose beautiful women, poor people, and beautiful or handsome children.
Sacrificing humans will help them keep the world balanced by using their human blood.
The Aztec priests didn't cut their hair and they didn't bathe but instead, they walked around with matted long hair covered with dried up blood by humans.
The Aztecs produced pyramid-shaped temples as part of their religion.
Family life
The Aztec men also grew beans, corn, tomatoes, and chilles.
The Aztec men were also in charge of the agriculture like growing crops and farming along the edges of the city on chinampas that are ramps.
The Aztec men mostly did outdoor chores like hunting and fishing.
The Aztec women stayed indoors doing housework, taking care of their children, preparing or cooking food like tortillas, and knitting.
If an Aztec child has been naughty, they will get punished in order to teach their children a lesson or discipline like piercing thorns in the child's skin, inhaling smoke from the kitchen fire, or throwing chillies in the fire if the child was negative.
TENOCHTITLAN
The Aztec's myths say that they decided to built it in an island in the middle of Lake Texoco because a prophesy was fulfilled and the prophesy was an eagle eating a snake while standing on a cactus.
The magnificent city Tenochtitlan, was filled with gorgeous buildings like houses, pyramids, and ball courts.
Tenochtitlan (a magnificent city) is now considered to be Mexico City in this present.
The magnificent city Tenochtitlan was connected to the mainland by causeways (earthen bridges).
Back then in 1500, Tenochtitlan was one of the largest cities.
FALL OF AZTEC
Hernan Cortes
purpose of coming to new world- wants to find treasure and inspired by Columbus to seek fortune in New World
From what country- Hernan Cortes is from a part of Spain called Extremadura.
Montezuma
Why did he welcome Hernan Cortes?- Montezuma welcomed Hernan Cortes because Montezuma believed that he was Quetzalcoatl- a salient Aztec god.
How he died- Montezuma died from murder.
Aztec Conquered
Most of the Aztecs fled the city because the Spanish outnumbered.
smallpox spread in Tenochtitlan and Aztec empire weakened
1521- Spanish vandalized the Aztec capital
Montezuma was killed.
FALL OF INCA
Atahualpa
What did Francisco Pizarro do to him?- invited him to meeting
How he died- Atahualpa got killed from Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro
From what country- Part of Spain called Extremadura
Purpose of coming to new world- wants to be rich and wealthy
Inca Conquered
Atahualpa agreed to leave most of his army behind
160 soldiers attacked Inca and kidnapped Atahualpa
offered to free king if he filled one room with gold and one silver
Atahualpa killed
AZTEC ENGINEERING
Causeways (earthen bridges)
There were three vital causeways that led from the island city to the mainland.
Bridges were build on the causeways to allow canoes or small boats to travel below.
A causeway is a which allowed people to travel in a simple or easier way over the wet and swampy areas.
A magnificent city named Tenochtitlan, is the Aztec capital, and it is attached or connected to the mainland by causeways (earthen bridges).
The Aztecs used wooden stakes, rocks and clay to erect the causeways.
Temples
The walls of the temples were covered with dried human blood.
Above the temples is where human sacrifices are held.
The Aztecs for some reason did not clean their temples very much.
The Aztecs didn't tear down the old temples, but instead the Aztecs would just add new levels or layers to the existing one.
The pyramid-shaped temples were required in their polytheistic religion because then they can do their part of religion which is the human sacrifice.
INCA ENGINEERING
Aqueducts
Channel or pipe used to carry liquid water to a distant source; irrigates dry land.
One of the Inca aqueducts leading from the highlands down below to the sea was three hundred-sixty miles long and thirteen feet deep.
Tipon has the most beautiful aqueducts.
The aqueducts have been providing liquid water during drought for centuries and the aqueducts are still being used in this present.
An elaborate system of aqueducts was built by the Incas because then it would wound through hills and valleys to bring along liquid water from the mountains.
Terraces
In the mountain, the Incas dug out terraces in the mountain sides so then the Incas can grow and plant crops where it was hilly.
Leveling the planting area is the terraces that holds several unexpected advantages.
Stones were used to make terraces. The stone would collect heat in daytime and in nighttime, the heat would distribute the plants.
Just like their ancestors hundreds of years ago, locals use the old terraces to make their food.
Some terraces still exist here in this present.
MACHU PICCHU
A liquid water surge system extends over a length of approximately one kilometer.
Most of the stones that were used to erect Machu Picchu weighed more than fifty tons.
More than six-hundred terraces prevent the city from sliding below the mountain.
In order for the stones to get up in the mountain, hundreds of men were used to push he hefty stones above the steep mountain side. Also, some were chiseled from the granite bedrock of the mountain ridge.
The weather in Machu Picchu is normally warm and humid in daytime. In nighttime, the weather is cold. Between November and March is pretty rainy.
INCA CULTURE
Religion
The Incas worshiped Viracocha, and natural forces called huacas. These were generally related to their agriculture or crops. Viracocha was the producer of the moon, the stars, and the sun.
The Incas believed in animal sacrifice, but normally the white llamas were used. The Incas also believed in human sacrifice.
The Inca mummified the dead bodies and they belied in an afterlife. The funeral was lasted for eight days.
The Incas believed more than one god which meant they were polytheistic. The main god was the sun god.
The Incas that mummified the rulers are still believed that the rulers are still alive, so family members would ask for advice an the rulers' servants would still wait on them.
Food
The Incas planted coco leaves to make chocolate.
For spices and sauces, the Incan people used pasa and chile peppers (which is a salient ingredient in some Incan recipes).
The Incas kept honeybees for honey, and they also kept dried food.
People who live in the coast eat fishes or sea animal as part of their diet like bonito, sharks, and penguins.
Corn, potatoes, and quinoa were a type of seed that was used to produce flour and soups. Quinoa seeds were used to make soup, flour, and cereal.
Family Life
Only the wealthy children attended school, and the peasant children start working when they were still young.
Incan noble men had a much easier life but they still had to work, but they had salient jobs in the government. They could own land and they didn't have to pay taxes.
Life as a peasant was much more daunting than a noble. A peasant girl or daughter at an age of twelve has to get married.
The peasant women were diligent in daytime at home during the day. They have done cooking, making clothes, and taking care of the children.
Peasant men worked as farmers, and they didn't own a farm. The farm was owned by the government. They also have to pay taxes to the government.