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The Catholic Church: Changes and Complaints (Questions (What power did the…
The Catholic Church: Changes and Complaints
Changes Affecting the Church
Disruption of Class System
Medieval society was made up of 3 social classes which were the clergy, the nobility, and the peasants.
The increase in trade created a new class of people eager to capitalize on new business opportunities.
The influence that this class gained with their wealth had a large effect on the structure of society.
Clergy:the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church.
Link Title
Humanism
The Renaissance swept across Europe causing scholars to look back at the works of Greek and Roman philosophers.
Looking back at these works inspired a revival in the philosophy that human intellect is a driving force in change and improvement,
Humanism:A rationalist outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural
matters.
Exploration
Europeans previously believed they were at the center of a small, compact world.
Explorations of Columbus, Magellan, and others forced Europeans to reexamine their place in this new, vast world
Exploration stimulated trade and led to the growth of cities and a new class of merchants.
Complaints Against The Church
Indulgences
Common way for the Church to raise money and helped rebuild St. Peter's Basilica.
Infuriated some like Martin Luther and fueled the protestant reformation.
People paid for documents called indulgences to relieve themselves from sins.
Vocab
Indulgence: a grant by the Pope of remission of the temporal punishment in purgatory still due for sins after absolution.
Purgatory: an intermediate state after physical death in which some of those ultimately destined for heaven must first "undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of heaven".
Problems with Popes
Popes argued from 1378-1417 about who had power
Finally, a council agreed on a compromise candidate, kicked out the others, and reinstated the papacy in Rome.
Two popes claimed leadership so one moved to France
Vocab
Impeach:A process that is used to charge, try, and remove public officials for misconduct while in office.
Papal Schism:The Western Schism or Papal Schism was a split within the Catholic Church which lasted from 1378 to 1417.
Clerical Corruption
Popes acted more like kings and held both spiritual power and political power.
The clergy became corrupt as noble families paid for bishops to fulfill political agendas, offices were sold to the highest bidder, and high taxes were imposed to support the pope and his projects.
Vocab
Cardinals: Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops
Temporal power:
the power of a bishop or cleric, especially the Pope, in secular matters.
Bishopric: The bishopric, consisting of the bishop and two counselors, is the presiding or governing council in a ward
Simony: the selling of church offices
Bishop: a senior member of the Christian clergy, typically in charge of a diocese and empowered to confer holy orders.
Nepotism: the practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs.
Questions
What power did the King have if the Pope was so powerful?
Who did Martin Luther's followers mainly consist of?
What was the most prominent language at the time?
What were some political concerns that people wanted certain offices for to control?
What other lasting effects did exploration have?