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Behavioural Views of Learning (Reinforcement (The schedule of…
Behavioural Views of Learning
Learning
Process through which experience causes permanent change in knowledge or behaviour
Can be deliberate or unintentional, conscious or unconscious
To be considered learning, must involve an experience; the interaction of someone with their environment
maturation does not count as learning even though changing perminantly
temporary changes from illness or disease not considered either
Behavioural theorists define learning by changes in overt, observable behaviours
irrelevant of what is going on inside the mind
Reinforcement
in operant conditioning, where learning voluntary behaviour is strengthened or weakened by consequences
Reinforcement is the consequence applied to strengthen behaviour
Reinforcer is something applied following the event to increase the likelihood of it occurring again
The schedule of reinforcement is important for how quickly you want to learn the skill and how long you want the behaviour to persist for
Variable-ratio: slowest to learn, but persists the longest
Continuous: fastest to learn, but diminishes quickest
Modifying Behaviours
Based on the reinforcement schedules
Prompting and cueing during the lessons can set students up for the response you are looking for
Punishments decrease the behaviours, reinforcement always increases behaviours
Positive Reinforcement (reward) and Negative Reinforcement (removal of bad) both increase behaviours
Presentation Punishment (punishment) and Removal Punishment (take away good) always decrease the behaviours
Persistence relies on the unpredictability of rewards, like gamblers addicted to the slots
Extinction results when there is a disappearance from a learned response
Applied Behavioural Analysis
The application of behavioural learning principles to understand and change behaviour
Usually through ABAB design, where baseline measurement, then apply intervention, then stop to see if returns to baseline, and then reintroduce
Praise-and-ignore method, where ignore irrelevant comments but immediately applaud the good input
Needs to be sincere recognition and specific
Premack Principle: where a more preferred activity cab serve as a reinforcer for a less liked one
Shaping: where you reward or reinforce the small steps and progress made toward the larger goal