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Hypokalaemia (Symptoms (Arrythmias (Prolonged PR, U wave, Flat T wave + ST…
Hypokalaemia
Renal Causes
Inc. Na+/K+ Exchange
Conn's Syndrome
Excess Mineralocorticoid
Ectopic ACTH production
Hyperaldosteronism
Hypertension
#
Carbenoxolone Therapy
Excess Liqourice Consumption
Inherited Syndromes
Bartter's
Liddle's
Gitelman's
A Recessive
Metabolic Alk +
Hypotension
Excess Na+
available
for exchange
Excess Saline Infusion
Loop Diuretics
Decreased Na+/H+ Exchange
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type 1 + 2)
#
Impaired Proximal Renal Tubular Reabsorption
Fanconi Syndrome
Hypomagnesaemia
#
Drugs
Gentamycin
Amphotericin B
Cisplatin
Non-Renal Causes
Redistribution
Hyperglycaemia and Insulin
Catecholamines
Familial Hypokalaemic Periodic Paralysis
Cushing's Syndrome
Adenoma Query
COPD
High Dose Beta agonists
Intestinal Loss
Prolonged Vomiting/NG tube
Diahorrhea
/ Small Bowel Fistula Loss
Purgative Abuse
#
Reduced Intake
Eg Anorexia
Alkalosis
3.5-5 mmol/L
Symptoms
A
lkalosis
S
hallow Respirations
I
rritability
C
onfusion/Drowsiness
W
eakness/ Fatigue
Muscle Cramps (+/- Pain)
A
rrythmias
Prolonged PR
U wave
Flat T wave + ST depression
NB Class III Antiarrythmics
L
ethargy
T
hready Pulse
Treatment
Replenish
Treat Diabetes
Stop Diuretics
Give ACE/K+ sparing
Fix Cause