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Police Knowledge Revised by De Fazio (Policing the CRM (Police in…
Police Knowledge Revised by De Fazio
Social Movements Theory
Catholic community's economic conditions along with political reform by Prime Minister O'Neill led to:
The formation of the first generation of educated middle-class Catholics
The "early risers" in the cycle of protest
A set of political opportunities to protest and mobilize around the issue of discrimination
1968: CRM borrowed tactics from previous Black CRM and started protesting on the streets
Direct political action
Staging sit-ins
Demonstrations
Marches
Rallies
Acts of civil disobedience
Policing the CRM
Police have to guarantee and maintain public order when handling protest events
The management and control of social protest and public order is a test for, and measurement of, the democratic standards of a state
Disorder is a form of interaction, but where "all the other forms of communication have been exhausted"
Police in democratic states have shown:
Less repression
Less coercive tactics
More toleration of movements
Unconventional repertoires
Willingness to avoid confrontation
Della Porter and Reiter's explanatory model
1.
Stable
structure of opportunities determined by institutional characteristics of the police, and the political and police cultures
Policing styles vary according to more
contingent
aspects regarding configurations of power and debate in the public arena on the issue of protest policing
Protest policing styles are influenced by:
These influences are both determined by a third variable:
police knowledge
-- police attitudes and stereotypes about protesters, and perception of their role in society
Static relationship between POS and police knowledge: the political system sets the conditions for police knowledge to be shaped in a certain direction
Counterinsurgency responsibility
= committed to:
Maintain public order
Combat sectarian
Intercommunal violence
Protect the state from subversive and violent opponents
Data and Methods
Testimonies selected contained at least 1 of the following 3 items:
The officer's perception and attitude towards the civil rights protesters
Reference to police self-image
Accounts of the interaction between police and protesters
Sample included 16 testimonies = 40% of all the interrogated officers in Londonderry
Consistent patterns emerged from the data: Shared attitudes, perceptions, and images among police officers
Interaction Between Police and Protesters
The police display of trust towards the stewarding organizations prior to a protest event was equally exhibited during problematic public order situations
The quest for contact with protest leaders was an important task in the negotiation process
Several times, consultations with well-known civil rights leaders led to stalemates of the violence