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World Music (Chinese Music (Chinese Orchestra: (Sheng: a type of mouth…
World Music
Chinese Music
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They considered the notes in the pentatonic scale the most harmonious, as there are so semitones, and its easier to sing.
There are twelve resultant pitches called lu, although there were no chromatic scales in Chinese music, only the first five pitches are used for many centuries
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Speech has element of music in it due to the rises and falls of the voice and the words make rhythmic patterns. Its particularly true of the Chinese language, because its words are largely monosyllabic
Japanese Music
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Melodic parts starts at different times, only coming together at cadences
Japanese music is based on succession of new ideas, but there is a musical form. It does not depend on repeating motifs like western music
Form: jo,ha,kyu: introduction, breaking away, hurried
Gagaku Scale
Wind: Sho, Ryuteki, Hichiriki,Shakuhachi
Plucked : Biwa, Shamisen, Koto
Percussion : Taiko, Kakko
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Indian Music
Three basic elements
Melody
Sitar and sarangi
Harmony is produced in Indian Music by the rising and falling melody against the constantly sounding sa of the tambura
Drone
The drone is a continuous note played by the drone strings on the sitar and also by an accompanying instrument tambura
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sa can be pitched anywhere. Its chosen by the vocalist or instrumentalist. Other instruments are tuned to the chosen pitch
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Harmonium 
Sarangi
Sitar
Tambura
The main performer improvise on the chosen raga(a cross between scale and melody),and tala(rhythmic cycle)
3 sections in a raga
Alap
The main artist, backed by tambura drone, slowly explored the notes of the rage with free improvisation
Jhor
Slightly faster, has more of a pulse
Jhala
Tabla player joins in, and the musicians improvise in both rhythm and melody. This section is usually fast and exciting, with the musicians passing rhythmic ideas back and forth to each other in their improvisations
An Imperial orchestra: conductor, several sets of stone chimes, over 100 harps, 50 lutes, 200 sheng, 20 tou-kuan, and 200 guitar type instruments (pipas or yueh-ch'in)
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