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INDIAN MUSIC (Scales (way of writing called sargam
sa - ri - ga - ma - pa…
INDIAN MUSIC
Scales
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sa and pa are shudh, or pure, meaning natural
ri, ga, dha and ni are allowed to be flat - komal, soft
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ragas are crosses between scales and melodies,
dictating how a note may be used, as well as decorations to set the mood for each raga
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Rhythmic Cycle
every beat is called a matra, and notes are grouped together to show which notes happen in the same beat
every cycle is called a tala, every first beat of a cycle is played in beat with the tabla
first beat called the sam, every cycle starts with one, and the piece must end on one
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every tala must have one or two vibhags which form a contrast, called khali
khali means empty, and is played on only the smaller drum of the tabla
tin-tal or teental is the most common tala, four vibhags of four matras, with the third vibhag being a khali
Sections
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jhor - faster, with more pulse
jhala - tabla joins in, improv in both rhythm and melody
fast and exciting, musicians pass rhythmic ideas back and forth in improv
Characteristics
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basic elements:...................... melody (instrumentalists/singers) drone (tambura)............................ rhythm (played on tabla)
small group- main performer (sitar, vocalist)
drone (tambura)
rhythmic improvisations in faster sections (tabla)
main and tabla improvise on the chosen raga (cross between scale and melody) and tala (rhythm cycle)
harmony is made by rising and falling melody against constant sa of tambura
Instruments
singer, harmonium, sarangi, sarod etc
melody, improvised, follows raga and tala
tambura, sitar
drone, always plays sa, the dominant note
tabla
two drums with a spot of ricepaste and iron filings called the duggi, big drum is baya and small is daya
steady rhythm in the alap and jhor, improvs in the jhala
many ways to play, called bols