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Knowledge based sys. & Artificial Int. (Hierarchy of knowledge ((Ways…
Knowledge based sys. & Artificial Int.
Semantic networks
are graphical depiction of knowledge composed of nodes (oval or circularly shaped) and links that show hierarchical relationship between nodes: propositional information (T or F)
Semantic: refers to ‘meaning’ of the phrase, object ….
Network: refers to the structure with ‘connections’
Definition link: descriptive, ‘stars are bright and distant’
Heuristic link: captures heuristic information, ‘stars are normally seen at night’
predicate calculus
http://moodle.manalhelal.com/pluginfile.php/1122/mod_resource/content/0/logic14.pdf
consists of predicates, predicate arguments, logical operators and quantifiers and maps object/arguments in the universe of discourse into T or F
predicate
something which is affirmed or denied concerning an argument of a proposition.
interference engine
An Inference Engine is a tool from artificial intelligence. The first inference engines were components of expert systems. The typical expert system consisted of a knowledge base and an inference engine. The knowledge base stored facts about the world.
Backward Chaining
is an inference method that can be described (in lay terms) as working backward from the goal(s). It is used in automated theorem provers, inference engines, proof assistants and other artificial intelligence applications.
Forward Chaining
is a popular implementation strategy for expert systems, business and production rule systems. The opposite of forward chaining is backward chaining. Forward chaining starts with the available data and uses inference rules to extract more data (from an end user, for example) until a goal is reached.
Ontology
Lightweight ontology
concepts are connected by rather general associations than strict formal connections
DSS
"computer-mediated tools that assist any (managerial) decision making by presenting information and interpretations for various alternatives"
Characteristics
offers (possibility of) full control and analysis
adaptive and flexible (interms of adding,editing, deleting and combining)
combines human judgement and computerised info
support independent and sequential decisions
Hierarchy of knowledge
information
data
knowledge
noise
meta-knowledge
knowledge about knowledge
Ways of using knowledge
Linguistic
Presentation
Assimilaive
Basic Knowledge
Reasoning
Know-why
Procedural
Know-how
Descriptive
Know-what
Tacit
subjective
Explicit
objective
Knowledge management
