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virtue ethics (Aristotle (by practising virtuous actions we improve our…
virtue ethics
Aristotle
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thus, become happy + live good lives
in order to achieve this, we must practice
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Aristotle believes all virtues lie at the mid-point between 2 vices found by applying phronesis (practical wisdom)
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to cultivate + find the virtues, we must find the mean
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thus, behaving in a proportionate way
Aristotle argued virtuous behaviour could become a habit + by doing virtuous things, we become virtuous
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ultimately, every action is subordinate to the supreme good = eudaimonia
eg. if you're not a generous person but continue to consciously act in a generous way over a period of time - you become a generous person + have the virtue of generosity
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Evaluation
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encompasses all aspects of life, rather than particular actions
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doesn't help people facing a crisis - no clear set rules for action eg. when there's a conflict of virtues - honesty/compassion
egoism objection - for virtue ethics, people act in order to achieve their own eudaimonia
however, if someone is doing ti for selfish reasons, its clearly not a virtuous action
Introduction
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deontological ethics is concerned with rules + consequentialism is concerned with the outcomes of actions
proponents of virtue ethics say right actions = those that a perfectly virtuous human would choose under the circumstances
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thus, looks at 'what sort of person should I be?' rather than 'what should i do?
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- greatest good for the greatest number by developing virtues
Philippa Foot - says v.e benefits the community as well as individual. - best form of societal ethics
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