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The Constitution (Constitutional Convention (The New Jersey Plan (Also…

- - - - Article 3 establishes the Judiciary which deals with the courts and judges and establishes the Supreme Court as the highest court in the US. It defines the terms of and payments of judges, in both the Supreme Court and lower courts. It also covers appeals and guarantees trial by jury in criminal court.
      - Article 4 (Full Faith and Credit Clause) : ensures the recognition of legislative acts, public records, and judicial decisions of the other states within the US. It also prevents people from moving to another state to escape enforcement of a judgment. The purpose of the Founding Fathers was to to unify their new country whilst preserving the self-government of the states.
        
        Article 7 of the US Constitution states that when 9 states ratify of the Constitution in their conventions, then the Constitution shall be set up as the government for the states that have ratified (approved) it.
- - - - The Federalists believed that the new central government, and the wealthy, well-educated classes, should be given the greatest possible amount of power in the government. They also believe that the national government should have more power than the state governments
        
        Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, James Madison, John Jay
- - - - Separation of powers into branches that make, enforce or interpret laws
        
        Popular Sovereignty : rule by the people; emphasizes the freedom of the individual by limiting the power of the government
        
        Checks and Balances : Under the system of checks and balances, each branch acts as a restraint on the powers of the other two branches. (This was to prevent tyranny, oppression and domination by one branch.)
        
        Republicanism : supports the principles of a theory of government in which the supreme power rests with citizens who are entitled to vote and exercised by representatives they have elected.
        
        Individual rights : The personal freedoms and liberties of the people are guaranteed by the Bill of Rights and and cannot be taken away by the central government
        
        Enumerated Powers : Powers of the federal government that are specifically described in the US Constitution. Also shows how a central government with three branches can operate better and more effectively.
        
        Reserved powers reserved to the states and to the people. Covered by the tenth amendment of the U. S constitution .
        
        Pluralism : That many different groups are able to run a country rather than individuals. Puts power in unions, civil rights groups, coalitions, and lobbies.
- - - - The first 10 amendments are called the "Bill of Rights" - Its importance is shown by guaranteeing Americans their basic liberties.