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EYE (lateral inhibition ((5 points :same stimulation->send inhibition…
EYE
lateral inhibition
5 points :same stimulation->send inhibition to receptor A’s bipolar cell
see grey spots at intersection
White's illusion
spatial context effects: brightness contrast
affected = surrounding
lighter block : darker middle block & vice versa
belongingless : must be a shadows
bipolar cells: fire less if inhibited -> ganlion cells: fire less
excited neuron ->reduce the activity of its neighbors
Dark/light adaptation
dark adaptation
initial rapid stage of cones--> 2nd : slower stage : adaptation of rod
cone dark adaptation : faster than rods
Anatomy
Retina : images projected on
nourished = retinal circulation
Rod+ cones
Rods:more sensitive
Macula : includes fovea ( center of vision )
damaged -> peripheral vision intact
visual acuity:Fovea : only cones+ peripheral : mostly rods
Signal in receptor -> Bipolar cells -> ganglion cells
2 others neurons : horizontal cells + amacrine cells
3 layers
Fibrous tunic: protects the eyeball
cornea: 70-80% focusing power : first place light passes
astigmatism : lose transparency
Sclera : maintain eye shape = fluid pressure
Vascular tunic: nourishes the eye
Choroid : feed cells in retina+ reduce light scatter
Lens : transparent + 20% of focusing power
Iris : eye's color
cataract : clouding of lens --> surgery
pupil: light enter eyes though this
Retina: detects light and initiates neural message bound for the brain
2 chambers
anterior chamber :Ciliary body: contains aqueous humor -> maintain shape of eye
vitreous chamber : between lens & retina
Young helmholts Trichromatic theory
class of cones : # wavelength+ max sensitivity in a part of spectrum
eye problems
Myopic : short-sighted
eye: too long
image is in front of retina --> concave
Hyperopic : far-sighited
eye : too short + image blur --> convex
Presbyopia : get old --> decrease accomodation
